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The Articles of Confederation Flashcards

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0
Q

what kind of legislature did most states establish

A

a two-house, or bicameral legislature

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1
Q

what is a constitution?

A

plan of government.

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2
Q

what did each state do and what were they afraid of

A

they made their own constitution, but they were hesitant to give too much power to one person, so they had provisions to limit the power of their governors

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3
Q

who voted for the legislature and how

A

whites, sometimes free african amricans

the legislature was chosen frequently from popular votes

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4
Q

what is a republic?

A

a government where citizens rule through elected officials

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5
Q

what were the “terms” of the national government?

A

could only be used in war or relations with other countries
went with the Articles of Confederation
first constitution
each state had freedom, independance, and soverignty
congress could borrow $ from states or other countries

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6
Q

what was their weaknesses

A

no provision for trade, taxes, or the draft
no chief executive
everything worked through continental committees
each state had 1 vote, regardless of population

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7
Q

why did the confederation government fail

A

not strong enough to del with issues
no laws could be passed unless 9out of 13approved
any change required all 13 approval
gained independence and foreign trade

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8
Q

what were the new land policies?

A

articles had no provision for adding states so Congress divided them into self-governing districts

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9
Q

what was the Ordinance of 1785

A

this divided the massive territory into townships and then townships were divided into smaller sections and sold @ an auction

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10
Q

what was the North West Ordinance

A 
freedom of religion
trial by jury
No slavery or involuntary servitude
emphasis on schooling
new states had the same rights as old states
first attempt to stop slavery
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11
Q

what does depreciated mean

A

fell in value

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12
Q

Congress and states printed their own money but no ____ or ____ to back it

A

No gold or silver to back it

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13
Q

Country was in debt to _______ & other ________

A

Citizens and other countries

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14
Q

Who formed the department of finance?

A

Robert Morris, a merchant

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15
Q

Robert Morris proposed a ______% tax on imported goods to help pay off debt

A

5% tax

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16
Q

Required a change….12 agreed but what state disagreed?

A

Rhode Island

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17
Q

__________ troops were still in the Great Lakes region

A

British troops

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18
Q

What were the british problems during this time?

A
  • troops were still in the great lakes region
  • they were keeping our merchants away from good trading markets
  • John Adams met w/King George III
  • He accused America or no upholding their end of the deal
  • Congress needed to pay Loyalists back
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19
Q

What were the Spanish problems during this time?

A
  • Wanted America to stop expanding West
  • Closed lower portion f Mississippi to Americans
  • Solution could not be found
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20
Q

-What is Shay’s Rebellion

A
  • Farmers suffering-land sized and put in jail
  • Shays united them and led a rebellion
  • Mitia? fired and 4 were killed and the rest scattered
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21
Q

What was going on with Slavery during this time?

A
  • 11 states outlawed or heavily taxed the importation of slaves
  • SC and Georgia did nothing
  • NE states passed laws that gradually ended slavery
  • Still discrimination: -barred from public places, separate schools, few states gave them the right to vote, separate churches
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22
Q

What is Manumission?

A

the freeing of individual slaves

Virginia passed a law

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23
Q

What was the constitutional convention?

A
  • lots of arguing about AOC
  • Alexander Hamilton and James Madison were 2 leaders for the changes
  • 55 delegates met from May to Fall
  • James Madison made a basic outline of our modern day constitution
  • Called “the father of our constitution”
24
Q

What was the Virginia Plan?

A
  • created by Madison & Edmund Randolph
  • 2 house legislature (lower hse-voted by people, Upper hse-voted by lower hse, # of reps would be proportional to populations)
  • a chief executive (chosen by legislature)
  • a court system
  • this plan throws out Articles
25
Q

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A
  • created by William Patterson
  • 1 house legislature
  • each state gets 1 vote
  • congress could now set taxes and trade
  • it elects a weak executive branch made up of many
  • this plan amends the Articles
26
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A
  • a 2 house legislature-congress
  • w/house of representatives based on population 2 per state
  • directly elect house of res
  • AKA Connecticut plan
27
Q

What was the Slave Compromise?

A

-South: yes
-North-no
Every 5 slaves = 3 free men (3/5 compromise)

28
Q

Slave compromises

A

Banning slave trade?

No south delayed it until 1808

29
Q

Describe the Bill of Rights

A
  • proposed by George Mason
  • proposal was defeated (refused to sign it)
  • Delegate signed new constitution & sent out to the states for voting
  • 9/13 needed to approve for it to pass
30
Q

Constitution = a document of compromises?

A

combined 2 plans - see chart in book

31
Q

A new constitution with old ideas

A
  • a new plan of government
  • delegates looked back in history @ other nation’s political ideals and ideas
  • Started w/ Greece
32
Q

What was the Greek & Roman influence?

A
  • Greece was the cradle of democracy
  • Our founding fathers tweaked the idea of democracy & made a representative democracy
  • the romans used a republic
  • based our system on the model of a republic (people are represented through reps
  • we are a constitutional democracy
33
Q

European Influences

What did the Magna Carta do?

A

Placed limits on the Monarch

34
Q

European Influences

What about Parliament

A

Monarch depended on it for payment of wars and funding

35
Q

European Influences

What did the English Bill of Rights do?

A

This will come to inspire the creation of the Bill of Rights

36
Q

European Influences

What did John Locke say?

A
  • All people have natural rights (life, liberty, property)
  • Gov is an agreement between itself and the people (social contract)
  • Gov protects rights
37
Q

European Influences

What did Montesquieu say?

A
  • Powers of Gov separated and balanced against one another

- Allows no single person or branch to become too powerful (checks & balances)

38
Q

What is the Federal System?

A
  • Power is divided between the national (federal) and the states
  • Articles-states had all the power
  • Constitution-State+Gov share the power
39
Q

What does the National Gov do on it’s own?

A
  • regulate foreign & interstate commerce
  • make coin money
  • declare wars
  • provide army & navy
40
Q

What do the Nat & State Gov do together?

A
  • levy taxes
  • borrow money
  • spend for general welfare
  • enforce laws
  • establish courts
41
Q

What does the State Gov do on it’s own?

A
  • regulate intrastate commerce
  • establish local gov. system
  • administer elections
  • protect health & welfare
42
Q

What does the Federal Gov do?

A
  • Federalism-the sharing of powers between the state & fed govmt
  • One of the distinct features
  • Congress could make new laws if needed
43
Q

What does the State Gov do?

A

See chart in book!!!

44
Q

What is another name for the Supreme Law of the Land?

A

the Constitution

  • no state can make any law that goes against the constitution
  • any disagreement was answered by the constitution
45
Q

What do the 3 branches: Legislative do?

A
  • make the laws
  • Congress=Legislative Branch
  • Congress is bicameral with the senate & the house of Reps
  • Senate has equal rep (2) & the house of Reps is based upon the state’s population
  • Can collect taxes, coin money, regulate trade, declare war, raise armies & make laws
46
Q

What is the responsibility of the Executive Branch?

A
  • To carry out the law

- it is led by the President

47
Q

What is the President’s responsibility?

A
  • carries out Nation’s laws
  • serves as commander in chief
  • conducts relations w/ foreign countres
48
Q

How is the President elected?

A
  • by Electoral College
  • Voters select electors to cast their votes for President & VP
  • President & VP serve 4 year terms
49
Q

Who all make up the Executive Branch?

A
  • Cabinet
  • President
  • VP
50
Q

What do you know about the Judicial Branch?

A
  • interprets the law
  • the Supreme Court & any other courts established by Congress
  • this court hears cases that deal w/ the constitution, laws passed by Congress & disputes between the states
51
Q

What does Checks & Balances mean?

A

Each branch of the government has ways to limit other branches of Government

52
Q

How can the Legislative limit Executive

A
  • can override a President’s Veto
  • may impeach & remove President from office
  • senate may refuse to confirm Presidential appointments
  • Senate may refuse to ratify treaties
53
Q

How can the Executive Branch limit the Legislative Branch?

A
  • the President may veto bills
  • President may call special sessions of Congress
  • Pres may recommend legislation
  • Pres appoints supreme court & other federal judges
  • may grant reprieves & pardons to federal offenders
54
Q

What was “the Argument”?

A
  • Federalists feared disorder & ineffectiveness
  • Anti-Federalists feared the gov would trample the rights of it’s citizens
  • Agreement-A bill of rights would be included in the form of an amendment (something added to the document)
  • By 1790 the Constitution was the new form of gov, still is to this day!
55
Q

What do you know about the passing of the Constitution?

A
  • Constitution passed but 9 out of 13 had to ratify it

- Politicians-publicize their own view on the Constitution

56
Q

What are Federalists?

A
  • Supporters of the Constitution
  • Washington, Franklin, Jay, Hamilton & Madison were for it
  • W, F, J, H & M wrote Federalist Papers which highlighted pros of the Constitution - around the country
57
Q

What are Anti-Federalists?

A
  • Those who opposed the Constitution
  • Feared that a strong national gov would take away from the rights
  • also feared the gov would favor the rich over the common people

history (16 decks)

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