Discovering The Americas Flashcards
Who is Marco Polo
Traveled to China and wrote the book Travels this created interest in Asia and inspired Many to explore
What where the Crusades
Holy wars by the Christian Europeans to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims this brought two cultures together
What brought Western Europeans into contact with the Middle East
The Crusades
What did European traders trade with Asia for
Spices perfumes silks
Citizens studied what which led to the period known as the Renaissance
Classical Greek and Roman works
What four items were invented to help exploration
Maps, astrolabe, compass, caravel
What does technology mean
The use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
What were some new technologies back then
print press, Maps, astrolabe, compass, the rudder, triangular sail,Caravel
Who were the first Europeans to trade for slaves from Africa
The Portuguese
What was Ghana
The first kingdom to prosper
they sold gold, ivory, and slaves in exchange for salt, cotton, brass many became Muslim
they declined when other kingdoms started trading
What was Mali
Kingdom in Africa ruled by Mansa Musa powerful King who made the kingdom of famous
he made a pilgrimage to Mecca brought back an Arab architect had him build mosques
What are mosques
Muslim houses of worship
What is a pilgrimage
A religious journey
What was song hi
A kingdom in Africa who was ruled by King Askiya conquered the Mali kingdom
he made laws based on the Quran
organized government into provinces and appointed officials for each one unified the currency, weights, measurements and laws
Did technology advancements help exploration
Maps help map the region
How did slavery began
Portuguese
Will begin to happen in the world as people from different area started trading
New religion, culture spreading
What did Henry the navigator do
Set up a school for exploration in 1420 gathering mapmakers geographers mathematicians astronomers together to share their work and advance exploration he set along
the west African coast line
Built the caravel
King John the second of Portugal urged to find a route to Asia
Bartholomew Dias was commissioned by King John to do what?
-explore Southern Africa
Bartholomew Dias did what after a huge storm?
Got lost for 2 weeks
Bartholomew Dias made it to where?
The southern tip of Africa
Bartholomew Dias called the southern tip of Africa what?
the Cape of Storms
Bartholomew Dias called the tip of Southern Africa the Cape of Storms. What did King John rename it?
The Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama was sent out on a voyage to where?
India
Vasco da Gama sailed to the ______ of the _____ then turned east.
Vasco da Gama sailed to the middle of the Atlantic then turned east.
Vasco da Gama rounded the cape then explored part of _____ ______.
Vasco da Gama rounded the cape then explored part of East Africa.
Vasco da Gama made it to ______, _______ in May of 1498.
Vasco da Gama made it to Calicut, India in May of 1498.
Vasco da Gama was the first european to get to ________ on an all water route.
Vasco da Gama was the first european to get to Asia on an all water route.
Alvares Cabral went out after Da Gama and sailed wider then found _______.
Alvares Cabral went out after Da Gama and sailed wider then found Brazil.
Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in ____.
Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492.
Christopher Columbus sailed for the ________.
Christopher Columbus sailed for the portugese.
Christopher Columbus was a ______ _______.
Christopher Columbus was a spanish explorer.
Leif Eriksson settled where?
Leif Eriksson settled in Greenland.
Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland and named it ______.
Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland and named it Vinland.
Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland and named it Vinland. Europeans changed the name to __________.
Europeans changed the name to Newfoundland.
Bartholomew Dias called the southern tip of Africa what?
the Cape of Storms
Bartholomew Dias called the tip of Southern Africa the Cape of Storms. What did King John rename it?
The Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama was sent out on a voyage to where?
India
Vasco da Gama sailed to the ______ of the _____ then turned east.
Vasco da Gama sailed to the middle of the Atlantic then turned east.
Vasco da Gama rounded the cape then explored part of _____ ______.
Vasco da Gama rounded the cape then explored part of East Africa.
Vasco da Gama made it to ______, _______ in May of 1498.
Vasco da Gama made it to Calicut, India in May of 1498.
Vasco da Gama was the first european to get to ________ on an all water route.
Vasco da Gama was the first european to get to Asia on an all water route.
Alvares Cabral went out after Da Gama and sailed wider then found _______.
Alvares Cabral went out after Da Gama and sailed wider then found Brazil.
Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in ____.
Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492.
Christopher Columbus sailed for the ________.
Christopher Columbus sailed for the portugese.
Christopher Columbus was a ______ _______.
Christopher Columbus was a spanish explorer.
Leif Eriksson settled where?
Leif Eriksson settled in Greenland.
Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland and named it ______.
Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland and named it Vinland.
Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland and named it Vinland. Europeans changed the name to __________.
Europeans changed the name to Newfoundland.
Ferdinand and Isabella did what to Spain?
Ferdinand and Isabella united Spain through marriage.
Ferdinand and Isabella pushed _____ moors from Spain to ________?
Ferdinand and Isabella pushed Muslim moors from Spain to Africa.
Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to engage trade with _________?
Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to engage trade with Asia.
Isabella was persuaded by who?
Isabella was persuaded by her Minister.
Christopher Columbus brought __________ to new places?
Christopher Columbus brought Christianity to new places.
Spain could grow wealthy through ________?
Spain could grow wealthy through trade.
What were the names of Christopher Columbus’ ships?
- Nina
- Pinta
- Santa Maria - main ship
What was Christopher Columbus main ship named?
The Santa Maria
The Santa Maria held how many sailors?
90 Sailors
How many months worth of supplies did the Santa Maria hold?
6 months worth of supplies.
What was the date Christopher Columbus spotted land?
October 12, 1492
When Christopher Columbus spotted land on October 12, 1492, what did he name it?
San Salvador
When Christopher Columbus spotted land on October 12, 1492, he named it San Salvador. Where did he think he had landed? Where was he?
He had landed in the Bahamas. He had reached the East Indies.
When Christopher Columbus spotted land, what did people think of him?
They thought he was a hero.
What are the pros of Columbus’ legacy?
- Opened up the Americas for exploration
- His explorations set up the Columbian Exchange
What are the Cons of Columbus’ legacy?
- Destroyed native groups wherever he explored.
- New diseases spread between the continents.
Who drew a line of demarcation - an imaginary line splitting up the new world between Spain and Portugal?
Pope Alexander VI.
Pope Alexander VI drew a line of demarcation - an imaginary line splitting up the new world between _______ and ________?
Spain and Portugal.
Portugal did not like the line of demarcation that Pope Alexander VI drew so in 1494 the Treaty of ______ was signed which created new boundaries.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
What did Amerigo Vespucci conclude about South America?
In 1502 Amerigo Vespucci concluded South America was a continent, not a part of Asia.
America was named after who?
America was named after Amerigo Vespucci
Vasco Nunez de Balboa hiked across the thin strip of land in _______?
Vasco Nunez e Balboa hiked across the thin strip of land in Panama.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first european to see the _______ ______ and claimed it for ________?
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first european to see the Pacific Ocean and claimed it for Spain.
What did Ferdinand Magellan do?
Ferdinand Magellan named the Pacific Ocean.
Name 2 problems with Magellan’s journey
- Mutiny around South America caused 1 of 5 ships to fall
- traveled through the Strait of Magellan and 1 deserted
Which explorer arrived first in Asia?
Vasco da Gama
In what ways did Henry the Navigator further exploration?
- School
- planned voyages,
- analyzed findings,
- brought together geographers, mathematicians and astronomers to share knowledge.
Why did Spain and Portugal desire a water route to Asia?
Trade directly with Asia.
How might the conquest of a country influence its culture and economy?
New religion, new foods, new language
conquistadors - explorer - conquerers
grants - special privileges from the King
-had a right to explore & establish settlements in the new land
had to give 1/5 of any treasure found
Cortes:
-took 500 soldiers, horses, canons
-landed in Mexico by 1519
-conquered aztecs
What would you think if you saw him? worshipped him as a god?
-made alliances w/native american groups not liking the aztecs
-took Montezuma hostage-killed
-captured city and named it Mexico City
What did Pizzaro do?
-brought 80 spanish soldiers to Peru
-went to Incan Empire
-Captured King Atanualpa
-falsely accused him of things and had him executed
-Inca never required?
-
How could Spain take over empires?
- Spain arrived w/weapons, new animals, guns, canons, horses & dogs
- Natives disliked Aztecs & helped assist
- No immunity to European diseases
Who was Juan Ponce de Leon?
- First european to step foot in USA
- Landed in present day Florida
- looked for fountain of youth
- landed in St Augustine, Florida
What did Juan Cabrillo do?
Explored the California coast
Who was De Soto?
- wandered until he reached Mississippi
- died of fever
- men buried him in the Mississippi at night
Who was Fransisco Vasquez de Cornado?
- New Mexico and Arizona
- Found buffalo
What are Missions
Religious communities with small town, farmland, and a church
What is a Presido?
A spanish fort
What is a Pueblo
Tows?
What is a Peninsulares?
People born in Spain
What is a Creole?
people born in America to spanish parents
What are Mestizos?
People with Spanish and Native American parents
What is Encomienda?
Given to conquistadors, the right to take taxes and labor from Native Americans.
Who was Bartolomew de Las Casas?
- a spanish priest who disapproved of NA cruel treatment
- wrote a report, sent it to Spain
- Laws passed forbidding NA slaves
- Urged Spanish to use enslaved africans instead of NA
- Thousands of West Africans being shipped to Indies in Western Hemisphere
Plantation systems:
- grew wealthy
- tobacco, sugarcane
- spanish developed the plantation system
What were the first explorers looking for in America?
God
Goods
Glory
7 cities
Why did some NA’s side with Euros?
conquered by Aztec
Who conquered the Atec?
Cortes
Who conquered the Incas?
Pizzaro
Where did Spain explore and settle down in America?
Sw, California, Florida
What are the advantages for countries with colonies?
- Increase wealth and trade
- resources
- more power
What caused, GREAT division in Europe during the 1500’s?
Protestant reformation
Who was Martin Luther?
- German Priest -nailed 95 complaints against the RCC
- called the 95 theses -How to be forgiven
- RCC sold indulgences-BAD, kiss relics - BAD
- Bible is the only true guide for Christians
- Rejected authority of the Pope -Faith over works!
- Called Protestant Reformation
Who was John Calvin?
- French religious thinker
- Broke away from RCC
- Calvinists missionaries everywhere
What did Henry VIII do?
-made himself head of the Church of England-Anglican Church
Hugonoves
French
French & Spanish tried to convert the natives to…
Catholicism
Dutch and English protestants settled in….
colonies
Merchantilism =
money = power
Europeans sought to gain new raw materials and develop trade with other countries so…
they could increase their wealth
What do you know about the Colombian Exchange?
- transfer of plants, animals and diseases which greatly altered life around the world
- greatly altered ideas and religion
From America:
- peanuts -vanilla
- potatoes -cacao
- corn
- turkeys
To America
- diseases -cattle
- sheep -pigs
- wheat -rice
- sugarcane -onions
- honey bees -slaves
What did John Cabot do?
- landed on Newfoundland
- Claimed it for England
What did the treaty of Tordesillas do?
-divided the West between S & P
England, France & Netherlands explored the…
NW Passage
-wanted to find a passage through NA to Asia instead of going around Africa or South America
Who was Jacques Cartier?
A french explorer who explored the Saint Lawrence river and claimed Canada
Who was Henry Hudson
- sailed for Dutch and found Hudson River
- Sailed for english and found Hudson Bay
Who was Samuel de Champlian?
A french trader who founded Quebec, Canada and discovered Lake Champlian
Although the French never intended to build an empire in America, what did they come to accomplish
They did come to increase wealth through fishing and trapping
Beaver pelts were very popular in Europe
What were the Dutch known for?
The Dutch were known for trading
Dutch West India Company set up a colony called…
New Netherland
The best port was….
The best port was NYC
Called New Amsterdam
Paid Natives $24 for it!!!
What is coureurs de bois?
French fur traders
Who sent Champlain to found a settlement?
the french
