Chapter 11 Flashcards
Who were the candidates for election in the election of 1824?
- John Quincy Adams
- William H Crawford
- Andrew Jackson
- Henry Clay
What do you know about the election of 1824?
- from 1816-1824 - one major political party
- in 1824, Monroe declined to run for 3rd term
- 4 different candidates decided to run (all had differing viewpoints)
What do you know about John Quincy Adams?
- Son of John Adams
- popular w/merchants in NE
What do you know about Andrew Jackson?
- hero of war of 1812
- born into poverty
- claimed to represent average americans
What do you know about Henry Clay?
- speaker of the house
- leader of War Hawks
Who won the election?
Jackson - he received most of the votes - no majority
-he ran w/ Calhoun against Adams and won
What is the “corrupt bargain”?
- Henry Clay met w/John Quincy Adams and set up a plan
- proposed to use his influence to ensure Jackson would not be elected
- Clay would be secretary of state
- Adams won and Clay became secretary of state
- THIS WAS NEVER PROVEN
What do you know about the Adams Presidency?
- worked to make his mark
- set forth legislation for improving roads and waterways
- also he requested funds for a Nat University and set up astronomical observatories and other scientific research
How did people feel about the Adams presidency?
-the plan enraged many
-most wanted to limit power
-Adams wanted to expand power
congress approved the money for roads, rivers & harbors but nothing else
What is plurity?
the largest share but not the majority
By 1828 the republicans split into what two groups?
- democratic republicans
- national republicans
Who were the democratic republicans?
Jackson
- small government
- more states rights
- supporters were immigrants, fronter, city workers
Who were the National republicans?
Adams
- central government
- government projects
- supporters: merhants, farmers
What did people think about John Quincy Adams?
- elitist who didn’t care about the common man
- accused -government funds (billard?)
- refused to attend inauguration
- joined in the mudslinging
what is mudslinging?
insults in politics
What did people think about Jackson?
-bad temper and violence
-accused of murdering 6 men
accused of stealing another man’s wife
-refused to meet with Adams
What is propaganda?
- campaign slogans
- rallies
- buttons
- events like barbecues
What happened at Jackson’s inauguration?
- thousands of “common folk” came to hear his speech
- crowd went to White House - trashed
- everyone was able to shake his hand
What is Old Hickory?
- given to Jackson
- grew up in a log cabin
- tough, hickory stick
- relatable guy
By 1828 how many states out of 24 allowed the people to choose presidential electors rather than state electors.
22 out or 24
What is the spoils system?
Jackson fired many of the federal workers and replaced them with his supporters.
the practice of replacing government employees w/the winner
supporters.
what is the electoral system?
- caucus system - candidates were chosen by members of congress
- they established nominating convention delegates to from states choose the party’s presidential candidate
- allowed more people to be involved in the choses.
What is a tariff and who liked them?
a fee paid on imported goods
the North liked tariffs-encouraged americans to buy their goods
south didn’t like tariffs
what did Calhoun and Jackson say about tariffs?
Calhoun: argued that states have the right to nullify a federal law that hurts that state since states created the federal gov
Jackson: country should remain united
What did South Carolina do about tariffs?
SC passed the Nullification which said it would not pay the “illegal” tariffs of 1828 and 1832
What was the bill that Jackson proposed regarding tariffs?
Jackson proposed a ill that gradually reduced the tariffs cost and had congress pass the “force bill” which gave him the power to use the military to enforce the acts of Congress.
What was the conflict over land?
We expanded into Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chicksaw & Choctaw
- had advanced farming societies
- land was Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida
Why moving?
- land west of the Mississippi was dry and seemed unsuitable for farming
- asked to relocate NA
What was Jackson’s view regarding the NA
- supported the removal of NA
- promised it in the Inaugural Adress
What was the Indian Removal Act?
- in 1830 Jackson pushed the IRA through congress
- act allowed the federal gov to pay the NA to move west
- most NA said it felt forced to agree to the treaty terms
What did congress do in 1834 for the NA?
-created the IndianTerritory (Oklahoma) as a reserve
What did the Cherokee do when congress created the Indian Territory?
- refused to leave
- during the 1790’s, treaties made w/the US recognized them as a separate nation
- Georgia continued to attempt to kick them out-took it to court
- Cherokee won in court
- Jackson declared tat he would ignore the supreme court
What is the Trail of Tears?
- by 1835, the Cherokee were divided
- a small group of 500 were persuaded to sign the treaty which gave up their land
- this was a legal document that was needed-jackson acted
- the senate confirmed the treaty by 1 vote
How did Clay and Webster feel about the treaty that led to the trail of tears?
Clay and Webster tried to stop it
How many Cherokee refused to honor the treaty?
17,000
what did the chief do about the treaty?
he wrote a letter to the US saying that the 500 who signed the treaty did not represent all the Cherokee
What happened in the trail of tears?
- general ordered to expel-stepped down
- General Winfield Scott took over & took 7,000 soldiers to invade land
- Began march
- About 2,000 died waiting in camps and more because of conditions
Did the NA fight back?
many attempted to fight back
- only successful group was the Seminole in Florida
- we gave up
After 1842, how many NA remained east of the Mississippi?
only a few scattered groups
How many acres had the NA given up?
100 million acres of land for 68 million and 32 million acres West of the Mississippi
What is the Bank Issue?
- Jackson believed that BOUS was corrupt and too powerful
- he vetoed the renewal of the bank which made the issue of a bank a central issue at the next elections
- he believed that the bank was unconstitutional even though the Supreme Court had already ruled on it
- he ran for reelection w/the promise to kill the bank
- Clay opposed him, thought americans would want it
What happened in the Election of 1832
- Jackson’s popularity won out and he was reeected
- he then closed the bank and put money in several state banks around the country
Who ran for the democrats in 1836 and won?
Martin Van Buren
-he opposed a party called the Whigs (republicans)
What is a depression?
a time when employment and business fall to a very low level
What happened in the Panic of 1837?
- economic depression
- land values dropped, investments declined, banks failed
- farmers lost land
- cities couldn’t afford rent or food
- Van Buren asked congress to create a federal treasury where federal money would be kept (this new treasury would ensure that panics like the one of 1837 wouldn’t happen again)
How did the Whigs take over?
- the democrats had held the white house for 12 years but w/depression Whigs could win
- Nominated William Henry Harrison for president & John Tyler
What was the campaign slogan for William Henry Harrison?
-Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!
How did the Whigs campaign?
- tippecanoe & tyler too campaign slogan
- Whigs adoped a log cabin as their symbol to appeal to laborers and farmers in the US
- they attacked Van Buren for furnishing the white house nicely.
