the american revolution Flashcards
0
Q
both sides believed the war would be short
what did the British believe?
what did the patriots believe?
A
the British thought they could squash it
the patriots thought the british would give up after losing battles
1
Q
A crowd of american soldiers and civilians marched to a park and did what?
A
toppled a statue to melt into musket balls
2
Q
_____ in ______ americans were loyalists
A
1 in 3
3
Q
what is another name for loyalists?
A
tories
4
Q
the loyalists were strongest in what states?
A
the carolinas and georgia
5
Q
the loyalists stayed loyal because
A
-they were anglicans
-jobs depended on it
-feared chaos of creating new government
some didn’t understand big deal
6
Q
advantages of america
A
- they know the land
- allies w/ Britain’s enemies
- george Washington
- fought for freedom and protection of homes and loved ones
7
Q
disadvantages of america
A
- no regular army
- no navy
- no experience
- volunteer soldiers - temp
- 2.5 mill population
- not everyone was for the war
8
Q
Britain’s advantages
A
- largest navy in world
- experienced and well trained
- wealth from trade
- 8 mil people
9
Q
Britain’s disadvantages
A
- distance
- hired soldiers-no motive
10
Q
What did the AA fight for?
A
- British offered AA their freedom if they fought w/ the British
- some fought for Patriots
- in Washington’s army, they fought w/ their white slave owners
11
Q
Disunity
A
13 states still thinking individually
- most signed up for a year
- difficult to raise money, supplies, troops
12
Q
Women in the field
A
- Molly Pitcher carried water pitchers to soldiers during battle and helped fight
- some went w/ their husbands
- some disguised themselves as boys and enlisted
- some were used as spies (ex. Lydia Darrah)
- evesdropped,, wrote codes, helped GW prepare for a surprise attack
13
Q
Who was General William Howe?
A
british commander - brought 32,000 troops to squash rebellion
14
Q
Who was Nathan Hale?
A
a school teacher turned spy for the patriots
discovered hanged by british
15
Q
What was winter trouble?
A
- americans held british off but had not had a great victory
- winter of 1776-1777, supplies were low and many soldiers returned home
- GW pleaded w/ congress for more troops & supplies
16
Q
Surprise Attack
A
- british camped in NY & NJ for winter
- GW were in PA across the Delaware river
- on Christmas night, he rowed over w/ troops
- surprised british at trenton
- avoided british reinforcements and captured Princeton
17
Q
What was Britain’s plan?
A
- take Albany, NY & Hudson river
- separate NE colonies
- Howe captured Philadelphia
- CC had to flee
- stayed for winter
18
Q
What was the patriots reaction?
A
- armies headed for Albany were slowed by patriot groups
- patriots fought, downed trees and cut off british supplies
- stopped Britain fro taking Albany in 1777
- british officer & army surrounded by patriot forces
- general howe resigned from failure and replaced by general clinton
19
Q
When the war continued, what did France do?
A
- secretly gave money to Amrica
- after the Battle of Saratoga, they opened allies themselves
- they soon sent money, supplies & troops
20
Q
When the war continued, what did Spain do?
A
- declared war on England
- wanted to hurt england
- Louisiana gov, Bernardo de Galvez raised an army to kick out the british
21
Q
Valley forge?
A
- France’s allegiance didn’t get to the troops til spring
- during the winter Britain stayed in phillidelphia
- Washington set up camp 20 miles west
- troops endured a horrible winter
- lacked good food, clothing, shelter and medicine
- 2,500 men out of 10,000 died from disease & exposure
- troops were barefoot
- food was scarce-many ate firecakes
- men built huts and tents & women tried to knit clothing for them
22
Q
Problems!
A
- many deserted w/o asking permission
- men & officers left
- received little money or supplies & army shrinking by deaths & desertion
- his character & determination allowed army to go on
- learned of french allegiance in spring & worshipped & celebrated
23
Q
Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?
A
- read declaration and came to help
- became washingotn’s aide and friend
24
Who was Frederick von Steuber?
-from Prussia
-trained the continental army
wrote first military manual of arms
-valley forge became turning point
-became trained soldiers under his lead
25
In addition to Frederick von Steuber, who else helped?
- foreigners joined the fight
- believed in patriot's cause
- Jaan de Mralles was rep of spain
- convinced many to fin America
26
Why did money become a problem?
- no taxes
- printed more paper money
- inflation
27
What is inflation?
more money means that the money is worth less & people need a lot more to buy stuff
28
Who was Judith Sergeant Murray?
- she wrote an essay on eduction for women
| - men & women are equal
29
Who was Abigail Adams?
argued for women's rights i general through her husband
30
Which state's governor argued for freedom of slaves in his state?
New Jersey
31
The enslaved people asked which state for freedom?
New Hampshire
32
Which 4 states all attempted to ban slavery?
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachussets
Pennsylvania
33
What happened when the Native Americans got involved?
- British and Natives raided American settlements
- brutal attacks - scalping and killing of women and children
- Americans developed a fear of NA
34
What happened at Sea?
- Britain imposed a blockade
- stopped supplies and soldiers
- CC ordered construction of 13 battleships
- Britain captured 11 and only 2 made it to seas
35
What were privateers and what was their part in the war?
-Privateers are privately owned merchant ships w/ weapons
- CC authorized 2000 ships as privateers
- captured more than American navy
36
What are the pros and cons of privateers?
Pros-CC doesn't pay them much $
Cons-motivated by money
37
Who was John Paul Jones?
American naval hero who raided British ports
38
What did Gov. Bernardo de Galvez of spain do to help?
- sent supplies through New Orleans and on the mississippi river
- Raised an army and helped colonists fight
39
Who was General Charles Conwallis
Commander of the British forces in the south
he struggled at adapting to the American fighting style
40
Who was General Horatio Gates?
An american general who faced Cornwallis
41
What was guerrilla warefare?
- small groups of patriots attacked the British who moved through the countryside
- appeared, struck hard, disappeared
42
Who was Francis Marion? what name was he also known as?
He was known as Swamp Fox
| -he operated out of swamps and agitated the British
43
How did the Patriots win and force Cornwallis to abandon the Carolina campaign?
- patriots drove back the British guarding an outpost in the Carolinas
- Greene took command and attacked Cornwalls
- Cornwallis was forced to retreat and abandoned the Carolina campaign.
44
Definition of realized
move quickly
45
When the British retreated and abandoned the Carolina campaign, where did Cornwallis go?
Yorktown, and he made Jefferson retreat
46
Were the French trying to help?
- they were captured by British before we made contact
| - Washington waiting
47
What was the battle of Yorktown?
- Washington decided to attack British @ Yorktown instead of NYC
- mission was secret
- 3 american armies marched 200 mi toward Yorktown & french fleet would meet them there
- September, 14,000 Patriot troops surrounded 8,000 Brits
- F Fleet kept the British in the North contained
- On October 9 we began to bombard
- Cornwallis surrendered after running out of supplies
- 8,000 POW + 200 guns
48
How did it all end?
- the Battle of Yorktown convinced the British to give up
| - Patriots: Franklin, Jay & Adams was over reps @ Paris
49
What was the Treaty of Paris?
America: *British recognize us as sovereign nation, * British withdrawal troops, *permission to fish off the coast of Canada
Britain: *US will pay Britain's debts, *Congress will give Loyalists back the land taken from them
50
What happened to Washington?
- ended possible rebellion of soldiers who wanted pay for their services
- retired and wanted to go back to his farm
- hopeful for the end of public life
51
Why did America win?
- home field advantage (ambushes)
- allies
- people's determination
52
What was the impact of America's win?
- ideas of equality & independence spread throughout the world (French Revolution)
- Enslaved africans in Haiti rebelled & won their independence
