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the american revolution Flashcards

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0
Q

both sides believed the war would be short

what did the British believe?
what did the patriots believe?

A

the British thought they could squash it

the patriots thought the british would give up after losing battles

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1
Q

A crowd of american soldiers and civilians marched to a park and did what?

A

toppled a statue to melt into musket balls

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2
Q

_____ in ______ americans were loyalists

A

1 in 3

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3
Q

what is another name for loyalists?

A

tories

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4
Q

the loyalists were strongest in what states?

A

the carolinas and georgia

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5
Q

the loyalists stayed loyal because

A

-they were anglicans
-jobs depended on it
-feared chaos of creating new government
some didn’t understand big deal

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6
Q

advantages of america

A
  • they know the land
  • allies w/ Britain’s enemies
  • george Washington
  • fought for freedom and protection of homes and loved ones
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7
Q

disadvantages of america

A
  • no regular army
  • no navy
  • no experience
  • volunteer soldiers - temp
  • 2.5 mill population
  • not everyone was for the war
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8
Q

Britain’s advantages

A
  • largest navy in world
  • experienced and well trained
  • wealth from trade
  • 8 mil people
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9
Q

Britain’s disadvantages

A
  • distance

- hired soldiers-no motive

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10
Q

What did the AA fight for?

A
  • British offered AA their freedom if they fought w/ the British
  • some fought for Patriots
  • in Washington’s army, they fought w/ their white slave owners
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11
Q

Disunity

A

13 states still thinking individually

  • most signed up for a year
  • difficult to raise money, supplies, troops
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12
Q

Women in the field

A
  • Molly Pitcher carried water pitchers to soldiers during battle and helped fight
  • some went w/ their husbands
  • some disguised themselves as boys and enlisted
  • some were used as spies (ex. Lydia Darrah)
  • evesdropped,, wrote codes, helped GW prepare for a surprise attack
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13
Q

Who was General William Howe?

A

british commander - brought 32,000 troops to squash rebellion

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14
Q

Who was Nathan Hale?

A

a school teacher turned spy for the patriots

discovered hanged by british

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15
Q

What was winter trouble?

A
  • americans held british off but had not had a great victory
  • winter of 1776-1777, supplies were low and many soldiers returned home
  • GW pleaded w/ congress for more troops & supplies
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16
Q

Surprise Attack

A
  • british camped in NY & NJ for winter
  • GW were in PA across the Delaware river
  • on Christmas night, he rowed over w/ troops
  • surprised british at trenton
  • avoided british reinforcements and captured Princeton
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17
Q

What was Britain’s plan?

A
  • take Albany, NY & Hudson river
  • separate NE colonies
  • Howe captured Philadelphia
  • CC had to flee
  • stayed for winter
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18
Q

What was the patriots reaction?

A
  • armies headed for Albany were slowed by patriot groups
  • patriots fought, downed trees and cut off british supplies
  • stopped Britain fro taking Albany in 1777
  • british officer & army surrounded by patriot forces
  • general howe resigned from failure and replaced by general clinton
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19
Q

When the war continued, what did France do?

A
  • secretly gave money to Amrica
  • after the Battle of Saratoga, they opened allies themselves
  • they soon sent money, supplies & troops
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20
Q

When the war continued, what did Spain do?

A
  • declared war on England
  • wanted to hurt england
  • Louisiana gov, Bernardo de Galvez raised an army to kick out the british
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21
Q

Valley forge?

A
  • France’s allegiance didn’t get to the troops til spring
  • during the winter Britain stayed in phillidelphia
  • Washington set up camp 20 miles west
  • troops endured a horrible winter
  • lacked good food, clothing, shelter and medicine
  • 2,500 men out of 10,000 died from disease & exposure
  • troops were barefoot
  • food was scarce-many ate firecakes
  • men built huts and tents & women tried to knit clothing for them
22
Q

Problems!

A
  • many deserted w/o asking permission
  • men & officers left
  • received little money or supplies & army shrinking by deaths & desertion
  • his character & determination allowed army to go on
  • learned of french allegiance in spring & worshipped & celebrated
23
Q

Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?

A
  • read declaration and came to help

- became washingotn’s aide and friend

24
Q

Who was Frederick von Steuber?

A

-from Prussia
-trained the continental army
wrote first military manual of arms
-valley forge became turning point
-became trained soldiers under his lead

25
Q

In addition to Frederick von Steuber, who else helped?

A
  • foreigners joined the fight
  • believed in patriot’s cause
  • Jaan de Mralles was rep of spain
  • convinced many to fin America
26
Q

Why did money become a problem?

A
  • no taxes
  • printed more paper money
  • inflation
27
Q

What is inflation?

A

more money means that the money is worth less & people need a lot more to buy stuff

28
Q

Who was Judith Sergeant Murray?

A
  • she wrote an essay on eduction for women

- men & women are equal

29
Q

Who was Abigail Adams?

A

argued for women’s rights i general through her husband

30
Q

Which state’s governor argued for freedom of slaves in his state?

A

New Jersey

31
Q

The enslaved people asked which state for freedom?

A

New Hampshire

32
Q

Which 4 states all attempted to ban slavery?

A

New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachussets
Pennsylvania

33
Q

What happened when the Native Americans got involved?

A
  • British and Natives raided American settlements
  • brutal attacks - scalping and killing of women and children
  • Americans developed a fear of NA
34
Q

What happened at Sea?

A
  • Britain imposed a blockade
  • stopped supplies and soldiers
  • CC ordered construction of 13 battleships
  • Britain captured 11 and only 2 made it to seas
35
Q

What were privateers and what was their part in the war?

A

-Privateers are privately owned merchant ships w/ weapons

  • CC authorized 2000 ships as privateers
  • captured more than American navy
36
Q

What are the pros and cons of privateers?

A

Pros-CC doesn’t pay them much $

Cons-motivated by money

37
Q

Who was John Paul Jones?

A

American naval hero who raided British ports

38
Q

What did Gov. Bernardo de Galvez of spain do to help?

A
  • sent supplies through New Orleans and on the mississippi river
  • Raised an army and helped colonists fight
39
Q

Who was General Charles Conwallis

A

Commander of the British forces in the south

he struggled at adapting to the American fighting style

40
Q

Who was General Horatio Gates?

A

An american general who faced Cornwallis

41
Q

What was guerrilla warefare?

A
  • small groups of patriots attacked the British who moved through the countryside
  • appeared, struck hard, disappeared
42
Q

Who was Francis Marion? what name was he also known as?

A

He was known as Swamp Fox

-he operated out of swamps and agitated the British

43
Q

How did the Patriots win and force Cornwallis to abandon the Carolina campaign?

A
  • patriots drove back the British guarding an outpost in the Carolinas
  • Greene took command and attacked Cornwalls
  • Cornwallis was forced to retreat and abandoned the Carolina campaign.
44
Q

Definition of realized

A

move quickly

45
Q

When the British retreated and abandoned the Carolina campaign, where did Cornwallis go?

A

Yorktown, and he made Jefferson retreat

46
Q

Were the French trying to help?

A
  • they were captured by British before we made contact

- Washington waiting

47
Q

What was the battle of Yorktown?

A
  • Washington decided to attack British @ Yorktown instead of NYC
  • mission was secret
  • 3 american armies marched 200 mi toward Yorktown & french fleet would meet them there
  • September, 14,000 Patriot troops surrounded 8,000 Brits
  • F Fleet kept the British in the North contained
  • On October 9 we began to bombard
  • Cornwallis surrendered after running out of supplies
  • 8,000 POW + 200 guns
48
Q

How did it all end?

A
  • the Battle of Yorktown convinced the British to give up

- Patriots: Franklin, Jay & Adams was over reps @ Paris

49
Q

What was the Treaty of Paris?

A

America: *British recognize us as sovereign nation, * British withdrawal troops, *permission to fish off the coast of Canada

Britain: *US will pay Britain’s debts, *Congress will give Loyalists back the land taken from them

50
Q

What happened to Washington?

A
  • ended possible rebellion of soldiers who wanted pay for their services
  • retired and wanted to go back to his farm
  • hopeful for the end of public life
51
Q

Why did America win?

A
  • home field advantage (ambushes)
  • allies
  • people’s determination
52
Q

What was the impact of America’s win?

A
  • ideas of equality & independence spread throughout the world (French Revolution)
  • Enslaved africans in Haiti rebelled & won their independence

history (16 decks)

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