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Colonial America Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the starving time?

A

It was the time when Jamestown had no leader, fought with the Native Americans, and were short on food.

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1
Q

Why was New Netherland important?

A

New York - water, ports

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2
Q

What were Roger Williams’s main reasons for establishing the colony of Rhode Island?

A

He was kicked out of Connecticut because he believed in not taking Native land and people should be persecuted for religion. It had religious tolerance and a safe place for disents.

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3
Q

What right was granted to the colonists in the Charter of Liberties?

A

The right to elect representatives to the legislature.

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4
Q

What was “blue gold”?

A

Indigo

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5
Q

Why did the English settle in North America?

A

Economic reasons
religious freedom
they were being persecuted

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6
Q

Why did the separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in North America?

A

They were persecuted
they had trouble finding jobs
they were worried that their children were losing religious values and English way of life

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7
Q

How did the Middle Colonies grow

A

The southern colonies grew
more slaves were needed for plantations
many people came as indentured servants
new crops were discovered such as indigo

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8
Q

Who was the leader or founder of Connecticut?

A

Thomas Hooker

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9
Q

Who was the leader or founder of New Hampshire?

A

John Wheelwright

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10
Q

Who was the leader or founder of Massachusetts

A

John Winthrop & Bradford

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11
Q

Who was the leader or founder of Rhode Island?

A

Roger Williams

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12
Q

Who was the leader or founder of Pennsylvania?

A

William Penn

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13
Q

Who was the leader/founder of New Jersey?

A

John Berkeley and George Carteret

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14
Q

Who was the leader/founder of Delaware

A

Swedish settlers

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15
Q

Who was the leader/founder of New York?

A

Dutch settlers

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16
Q

Who was the leader/founder of South Carolina?

A

a group of 8 aristocrats

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17
Q

Who was the leader/founder of North Carolina

A

a group of 8 aristocrats

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18
Q

Who was the leader/founder of Georgia?

A

James Oglethorpe

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19
Q

Who was the leader/founder of Virginia

A

John Smith

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20
Q

Who was the leader/founder of Maryland?

A

Cecilius Carver

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21
Q

Representatives of the colonies of Virginia, or the house of ________ made local laws for the colonies

A

Burgesses

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22
Q

The ____________ was a document created by the Pilgrims before they landed at Plymouth Rock

A

Mayflower compact

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23
Q

A landowner who acquired large estates from the Dutch West India Company was called a __________.

A

patroon

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24
Q

A person who worked without pay for a certain amount of time in order to pay for passage to America was called an _____________.

A

indentured servant

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25
Q

In 1606 groups of merchants sought documents, called _______ which granted the right to organize settlements in an area.

A

charters

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26
Q

Only 35 of the 102 Mayflower passengers were ________ people who made the journey to America for religious purposes.

A

pilgrims

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27
Q

The quakers in Pennsylvania were examples of _______ people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars

A

pacifists

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28
Q

In 1733 James Oglethorpe started a colony for ________ or people who were not able to repay the money they owed to others.

A

debtors

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29
Q

Settlers who paid their own way to the colony were given a ________ or land grant

A

headright

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30
Q

To _________ is to disagree with the beliefs and practices of a religious group

A

dissent

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31
Q

A settler in New France who paid an annual rent and worked for a certain number of days was known as a __________

A

tenant farmer

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32
Q

When New York was first established, it was a ___________ a colony in which the owner owned all the land.

A

proprietary colony

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33
Q

In a ___________ investors buy part ownership in the company in return for a share of its future profits.

A

joint stock company

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34
Q

__________ was a protestant who wanted to reform the Anglican Church

A

Puritan

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35
Q

The first written constitution in America was known as the _________.

A

fundamental orders of Connecticut

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36
Q

A written plan of government is known as a ___________

A

constitution

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37
Q

Protestants who wanted to leave the Anglican Church and set up their own churches were _____________.

A

separatists

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38
Q

Religious settlements established to convert people to a certain faith are called ___________.

A

missions

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39
Q

Why would a country want to establish a colony in another region? religion, resources

A

hardships

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40
Q

What religion was King Phillip II?

A

catholic

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41
Q

What religion was Elizabeth I?

A

Protestant

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42
Q

King Phillip II hates Elizabeth I and wants her off the throne of England.

A

He is catholic and she is protestant

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43
Q

Name 4 facts about Sir Francis Drake

A
  • english adventurer
  • occasional piral
  • raided the spanish ships and took the loot
  • Elizabeth knighted him
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44
Q

What happened when Phillip II sent a fleet of warships to conquer England?

A
  • spanish fialed, tried to return home
  • giant storm destroyed ships
  • span’s power declining on seas
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45
Q

Spain wants a ________ on spanish throne

A

catholic

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46
Q

Name 4 facts about Sir Walter Raleigh

A
  • queen gave him the right to claim land in 1584
  • he decided that Roanoke Island off the coast of NC would be good
  • 1st attempt: first settlers, 100 men, difficult winter, decided to return
  • 2nd attempt:sent 91 men, 17 women, 9 children
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47
Q

Name 5 facts about John White

A
  • daughter gave birth in America
  • named Virginia Dare-first english child born in America
  • returned to England for more supplies
  • because of a war, he didn’t return for 3 years
  • when he returned, they weren’t there
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48
Q

What is Croatoan

A

main clue left for John White nearby island

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49
Q

What is a charter?

A

a document which grants the right to organize a settlement. not in a given area. given by the King or Queen

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50
Q

Who grants charters?

A

James I of England

51
Q

Name 3 things about Virginia Company

A
  • group of merchants
  • were a joint stock company
  • settlers were to search for gold, trap fur and catch fish
52
Q

What do you know about a Joint Stock Company

A

investors bought stock or part ownership in return for a share of future profit

53
Q

Name 3 facts about Jamestown

A
  • 144 settlers were sent in three ships to new world
  • entered Chesapeake Bay & sailed up the James Rvr named after James I & named colony Jamestown
  • first official settlement in America
54
Q

Name 3 facts about John Smith

A
  • led Jamestown at age 27
  • forced settlers to work, explored the area & fostered a relationship with local natives
  • replaces socialism with capitalism
55
Q

Name 6 facts about the Starving Time

A

-winter of 1609-1610
-John returned to England
-lack of leadership, malaria pressure to produce wealth
-focused on wrong things
-38 of 144 survived after that winter
-ate rats, roots and whatever they could find
NOW YOU UNDERSTAND WHY I HATE WINTER!!!

56
Q

Name 2 facts about John Rolfe

A
  • discovered tobacco-cash crop

- married Rebecca

57
Q

Name 2 facts about Pocahontas

A
  • real name was Matoaka

- daughter of chief Powhatan, ruled over 25,000

58
Q

What is the order of Pocahontas life?

A
  • english became friends with natives
  • english demanded food, but drought
  • bad relationship
  • captured by English
  • she met John Rolfe (widower) & fell in love
  • she married him and was renamed Rebecca
  • met John Smith again in London
  • sad & angry he had never come back
  • fell ill on Thames river
  • died of pneumonia or dysentery at age 21
  • buried in St. George’s church in England
59
Q

What is a headright land grant?

A

Virginia company

  • gave 50 acres to any settler who paid for their own voyage
  • colonists created house of Burgesses in 1619
60
Q

What are Burgesses

A

representatives of a colony’s town

61
Q

Name 3 facts about Jamestown

A
  • sent woman & children to live in homes
  • with tobacco slavery in Jamestown
  • wasn’t making enough money. king canceled charter and instead made it a royal colony in 1624
62
Q

Describe Jamestown Survives

A
  • John Smith, leader
  • Tobacco, John Rowlfe
  • Native relations, Pocahontas
  • Government, local government
  • Women came to colony, stability
63
Q

Why was defeat of SA important?

A

conquistadors done, English rules seas

64
Q

Why did English settle in North America?

A

profit, colonies, expand

65
Q

What made people leave home for new life?

A

fresh start
freedom of religion
better way of life

66
Q

what does dissented mean?

A

disagreed

67
Q

Protestants wanted to change _________ church or leave

A

Anglican

68
Q

What did the puritans ant to do to the Anglican Church?

A

reform it

69
Q

What did the separatists want to do to the Anglican Church & their own churches?

A

leave

70
Q

____________ were separatists who journeyed for religious purposes

A

Pilgrims

71
Q

Only 35 of the102 on the Mayflower were _________

A

Pilgrims

72
Q

35 of the 102 on the Mayflower were Pilgrims, what were the others?

A

strangers - common people who wanted to find a better life

73
Q

Pilgrims planned on going to __________

A

Virginia colony

74
Q

What happened after the Pilgrims were on the Mayflower?

A
  • they planned on going to the Virginia Colony
  • they signed Cape Cod
  • decided to stay
  • wrote & signed the Mayflower Compact
75
Q

What is the Mayflower compact?

A

It was a Pledge of obeying the law, written for future generations

  • pledged loyalty to England
  • intend to create a representative government
  • promised to follow established rules
76
Q

Plymouth vs. Jamestown

A

Religion?
P=religious reasons
J=money
Reasons for coming?
P=religion, need to survive, grown, fresh start
J=money, need to survive, started with men, fresh starts

77
Q

Winter vs. Spring

A
  • almost 1/2 pilgrims died from malnutrition, cold, disease
  • samoset & squanto were friendly & taught them how to grow corn, beans, pumpkins & to fish & hunt
  • led to peace w/ wampanoag
  • signed peace treaty
  • first thanksgiving
78
Q

What did Charles I of England do to the Puritans

A

persecuted them!

79
Q

Who formed the Massachusetts Bay Company?

A

Some puritans wanted to leave, they formed the Massachusetts Bay Company

80
Q

Name 3 facts about the Massachusetts Bay Company

A
  • received charter to create a colony north of plymouth
  • society-bible
  • governor is John Winthrop, 900 men, women & children, Boston
81
Q

What was the great migration?

A

more than 15,000 puritans came to the colony seeking refuge and a better life

82
Q

Name 3 things about the English Civil War

A
  • Parliament vs. crown
  • Oliver Cromwell=puritan for the parliament
  • Charles I=suspected catholic for the crown
  • charles tried and convicted of treason in 1649-beheaded
  • cromwell ruled afterwards until his death
  • parliament restored the monarchy but w/new limitations
83
Q

What are patroons

A

landowners given land if they could bring 50 peole to work it. Feudal system, like kings

84
Q

New York

A
  • england took over port
  • man in charge surrendered it
  • given to Duke of York
  • owned land and controlled the government (a proprietary colony)
  • diverse population, centered around NYC
85
Q

Name the 5 types of people who made up the population of NY

A
  • dutch
  • german
  • swedish
  • Brazilian jews
  • native americans
86
Q

What was the population of NY in 1664

A

8,000 people including 300 slaves

87
Q

What was the population of NY in 1683

A

12,000 people

88
Q

Name 6 facts about New Jersey

A
  • originally part of NY
  • given to Carteret & Berkeley
  • offered large land tracts, religious freedom, trial by jury, assembly to make laws
  • ethnically & religiously diverse
  • no port-little profit
  • returned as a RC to the king
89
Q

Name 6 facts about Pennsylvania & Delaware

A
  • William Penn received land from Charles II
  • Wanted Quakers to live in PA
  • designed Philadelphia-wrote PA’s first constitution
  • bought land from native americans
  • made Enlish, welsh, irish, dutch and germans
  • lower portion was occupied by swedes-allowed them to form Delaware
90
Q

Pennsylvania is about the size of _________

A

England

91
Q

Name 5 facts about the Quakers

A
  • believed in equality
  • follow “inner light” to salvation
  • no clergy
  • pacifists-people who refuse to be forced to fight in wars
  • were considered a threat to England, were persecuted
92
Q

The Calvert & Penn families argued over ________

A

boundaries

93
Q

In 1760’s the Calvert & Penn families hired _______ & ________ to map boundaries

A

Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon

94
Q

Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon mapped boundaries known as the ___________

A

Mason-Dixon Line

95
Q

Calverts welcomed ________ & __________

A

Calverts welcomed Protestant and Catholics - protestants outnumbered catholics

96
Q

What is an act of toleration?

A

granted both protestants & catholics the right to worship freely

97
Q

In 1692 assembly made _______ officially Anglican

A

In 1602 assembly made Maryland officially Anglican, Catholics faced same problems

98
Q

Name 2 facts about William Berkley?

A
  • governor of Virginia

- large piece of land, stop expansion

99
Q

Name 7 facts about Nathaniel Bacon

A
  • lived in West Virginia
  • opposed Berkely-gov controlled by EVA
  • Bacon attacked NA villiages
  • marched to Jamestown=Berkley to exile
  • died suddenly=Berkley restored
  • settlers couldn’t be stopped
100
Q

What does Carolina mean in Latin?

A

Charles’s land

101
Q

North Carolina vs South Carolina

A
  • farmers in N sold tobacco, timber, tar-Virginia export
  • fertile farmland + port @ Charlestown
  • SC prosper
  • traded deerskin, beef & lumber
  • both grew rice & indigo
  • settlers increased power=seized control in 1719
  • made separate royal colonies in 1729
102
Q

Name 5 facts about James Oglethorpe

A
  • created Georgia (for debtors and poor)
  • hundreds of poor and RR came
  • many didn’t like his rules
  • became discouraged, gave up, returned home
  • Georgia became a royal colony in 1751
103
Q

What happened with the French in North America?

A
  • founded Quebec
  • supported New France, expanded presence
  • Louis Joliet & Jaques Marquette explored Mississippi
  • Rene-Robert Cavilier Mississippi to Gulf
  • Claimed land and named it Louisiana
  • 1718 New Orleans port was established
  • france expanded slowly
  • estate holders brought tenant farmers-paid annual rent & worked for him
  • great relationship with Native American, trappers & missionaries went to NA territory
  • non-threatening
104
Q

What was the Dutch main settlement?

A

New Amsterdam which was a great seaport & colony of trade

105
Q

New Hampshire was founded by ?

A

John Wheelwright who was banished from Jamestown

106
Q

What was in 1675?

A

New England wages war against Wampanoag

107
Q

Who won King Phillips war?

A

New England

108
Q

Who was the founder of Connecticut?

A

Thomas Hooker, a banished minister

109
Q

In Connecticut people went to live in

A

the river valley

110
Q

Who is the founder of Rhode Island?

A 
Roger Williams, he was banished
Also:
-religious freedom
-no land taken from NA
-took refuge w/ Narraganset
111
Q

Spanish in NA

A

-vast empire in SW & C America
-sent settlers, troops & missionaries to Santa Fe, New Mexico
-went to Arizona & Texas
-Spanish priests established missions along California coast
-missions included San Diego, Los Angeles, Monterrey
Founded by Father Junipero Serra, rights of N.A.

112
Q

What are Missions

A

religious settlements

113
Q

How did Maryland deal with tensions between Protestants & Cathoics

A

made Act of Toleration

114
Q

What are the 3 types of government?

A
  • Rep
  • proprietary
  • Royal Governor
115
Q

What happened with slavery when the Southern Colonies were established?

A

it increased

plantations & farms

116
Q

France slow to settle in America?

A

came for trade, not settlements

117
Q

Who founded Georgia & why was it started?

A

James Oglethorpe

Started it for the debtors & poor

118
Q

Early settlements

A

Jamestown, Roanoke

119
Q

NE colonies

A

Massachusetts
Connecticut
Rhode Island
New Hampshire

120
Q

Middle Colonies

A
  • New Jersey
  • Pennsylvania
  • New York
  • Delaware
121
Q

Southern Colonies

A
  • Maryland
  • Carolinas
  • Virginia
  • Georgia
122
Q

Bonus:

Uniquely founded

A

Georgia for the poor & debtors

123
Q

Name the 4 colonies in the NE section:

A
  • Massachussets-Winthrop ( & Bradford)
  • Connecticut-Hooker
  • Rhode Island-Roger Williams
  • New Hampshire-Wheelwright
124
Q

Name 5 Southern Colonies

A
  • Maryland-Calvert
  • North Carolina-8 aristocrats
  • South Carolina-8 aristocrats
  • Virginia-Smith
  • Georgia-Oglethorpe
125
Q

Name 4 Middle Colonies

A
  • New Jersey-Carteret and Berkley
  • Pennsylvania-Penn
  • New York-Dutch settlers
  • Delaware-Swedish settlers

history (16 decks)

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