Colonial America Flashcards
0
Q
What was the starving time?
A
It was the time when Jamestown had no leader, fought with the Native Americans, and were short on food.
1
Q
Why was New Netherland important?
A
New York - water, ports
2
Q
What were Roger Williams’s main reasons for establishing the colony of Rhode Island?
A
He was kicked out of Connecticut because he believed in not taking Native land and people should be persecuted for religion. It had religious tolerance and a safe place for disents.
3
Q
What right was granted to the colonists in the Charter of Liberties?
A
The right to elect representatives to the legislature.
4
Q
What was “blue gold”?
A
Indigo
5
Q
Why did the English settle in North America?
A
Economic reasons
religious freedom
they were being persecuted
6
Q
Why did the separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in North America?
A
They were persecuted
they had trouble finding jobs
they were worried that their children were losing religious values and English way of life
7
Q
How did the Middle Colonies grow
A
The southern colonies grew
more slaves were needed for plantations
many people came as indentured servants
new crops were discovered such as indigo
8
Q
Who was the leader or founder of Connecticut?
A
Thomas Hooker
9
Q
Who was the leader or founder of New Hampshire?
A
John Wheelwright
10
Q
Who was the leader or founder of Massachusetts
A
John Winthrop & Bradford
11
Q
Who was the leader or founder of Rhode Island?
A
Roger Williams
12
Q
Who was the leader or founder of Pennsylvania?
A
William Penn
13
Q
Who was the leader/founder of New Jersey?
A
John Berkeley and George Carteret
14
Q
Who was the leader/founder of Delaware
A
Swedish settlers
15
Q
Who was the leader/founder of New York?
A
Dutch settlers
16
Q
Who was the leader/founder of South Carolina?
A
a group of 8 aristocrats
17
Q
Who was the leader/founder of North Carolina
A
a group of 8 aristocrats
18
Q
Who was the leader/founder of Georgia?
A
James Oglethorpe
19
Q
Who was the leader/founder of Virginia
A
John Smith
20
Q
Who was the leader/founder of Maryland?
A
Cecilius Carver
21
Q
Representatives of the colonies of Virginia, or the house of ________ made local laws for the colonies
A
Burgesses
22
Q
The ____________ was a document created by the Pilgrims before they landed at Plymouth Rock
A
Mayflower compact
23
Q
A landowner who acquired large estates from the Dutch West India Company was called a __________.
A
patroon
24
A person who worked without pay for a certain amount of time in order to pay for passage to America was called an _____________.
indentured servant
25
In 1606 groups of merchants sought documents, called _______ which granted the right to organize settlements in an area.
charters
26
Only 35 of the 102 Mayflower passengers were ________ people who made the journey to America for religious purposes.
pilgrims
27
The quakers in Pennsylvania were examples of _______ people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars
pacifists
28
In 1733 James Oglethorpe started a colony for ________ or people who were not able to repay the money they owed to others.
debtors
29
Settlers who paid their own way to the colony were given a ________ or land grant
headright
30
To _________ is to disagree with the beliefs and practices of a religious group
dissent
31
A settler in New France who paid an annual rent and worked for a certain number of days was known as a __________
tenant farmer
32
When New York was first established, it was a ___________ a colony in which the owner owned all the land.
proprietary colony
33
In a ___________ investors buy part ownership in the company in return for a share of its future profits.
joint stock company
34
__________ was a protestant who wanted to reform the Anglican Church
Puritan
35
The first written constitution in America was known as the _________.
fundamental orders of Connecticut
36
A written plan of government is known as a ___________
constitution
37
Protestants who wanted to leave the Anglican Church and set up their own churches were _____________.
separatists
38
Religious settlements established to convert people to a certain faith are called ___________.
missions
39
Why would a country want to establish a colony in another region? religion, resources
hardships
40
What religion was King Phillip II?
catholic
41
What religion was Elizabeth I?
Protestant
42
King Phillip II hates Elizabeth I and wants her off the throne of England.
He is catholic and she is protestant
43
Name 4 facts about Sir Francis Drake
- english adventurer
- occasional piral
- raided the spanish ships and took the loot
- Elizabeth knighted him
44
What happened when Phillip II sent a fleet of warships to conquer England?
- spanish fialed, tried to return home
- giant storm destroyed ships
- span's power declining on seas
45
Spain wants a ________ on spanish throne
catholic
46
Name 4 facts about Sir Walter Raleigh
- queen gave him the right to claim land in 1584
- he decided that Roanoke Island off the coast of NC would be good
- 1st attempt: first settlers, 100 men, difficult winter, decided to return
- 2nd attempt:sent 91 men, 17 women, 9 children
47
Name 5 facts about John White
- daughter gave birth in America
- named Virginia Dare-first english child born in America
- returned to England for more supplies
- because of a war, he didn't return for 3 years
- when he returned, they weren't there
48
What is Croatoan
main clue left for John White nearby island
49
What is a charter?
a document which grants the right to organize a settlement. not in a given area. given by the King or Queen
50
Who grants charters?
James I of England
51
Name 3 things about Virginia Company
- group of merchants
- were a joint stock company
- settlers were to search for gold, trap fur and catch fish
52
What do you know about a Joint Stock Company
investors bought stock or part ownership in return for a share of future profit
53
Name 3 facts about Jamestown
- 144 settlers were sent in three ships to new world
- entered Chesapeake Bay & sailed up the James Rvr named after James I & named colony Jamestown
- first official settlement in America
54
Name 3 facts about John Smith
- led Jamestown at age 27
- forced settlers to work, explored the area & fostered a relationship with local natives
- replaces socialism with capitalism
55
Name 6 facts about the Starving Time
-winter of 1609-1610
-John returned to England
-lack of leadership, malaria pressure to produce wealth
-focused on wrong things
-38 of 144 survived after that winter
-ate rats, roots and whatever they could find
NOW YOU UNDERSTAND WHY I HATE WINTER!!!
56
Name 2 facts about John Rolfe
- discovered tobacco-cash crop
| - married Rebecca
57
Name 2 facts about Pocahontas
- real name was Matoaka
| - daughter of chief Powhatan, ruled over 25,000
58
What is the order of Pocahontas life?
- english became friends with natives
- english demanded food, but drought
- bad relationship
- captured by English
- she met John Rolfe (widower) & fell in love
- she married him and was renamed Rebecca
- met John Smith again in London
- sad & angry he had never come back
- fell ill on Thames river
- died of pneumonia or dysentery at age 21
- buried in St. George's church in England
59
What is a headright land grant?
Virginia company
- gave 50 acres to any settler who paid for their own voyage
- colonists created house of Burgesses in 1619
60
What are Burgesses
representatives of a colony's town
61
Name 3 facts about Jamestown
- sent woman & children to live in homes
- with tobacco slavery in Jamestown
- wasn't making enough money. king canceled charter and instead made it a royal colony in 1624
62
Describe Jamestown Survives
- John Smith, leader
- Tobacco, John Rowlfe
- Native relations, Pocahontas
- Government, local government
- Women came to colony, stability
63
Why was defeat of SA important?
conquistadors done, English rules seas
64
Why did English settle in North America?
profit, colonies, expand
65
What made people leave home for new life?
fresh start
freedom of religion
better way of life
66
what does dissented mean?
disagreed
67
Protestants wanted to change _________ church or leave
Anglican
68
What did the puritans ant to do to the Anglican Church?
reform it
69
What did the separatists want to do to the Anglican Church & their own churches?
leave
70
____________ were separatists who journeyed for religious purposes
Pilgrims
71
Only 35 of the102 on the Mayflower were _________
Pilgrims
72
35 of the 102 on the Mayflower were Pilgrims, what were the others?
strangers - common people who wanted to find a better life
73
Pilgrims planned on going to __________
Virginia colony
74
What happened after the Pilgrims were on the Mayflower?
- they planned on going to the Virginia Colony
- they signed Cape Cod
- decided to stay
- wrote & signed the Mayflower Compact
75
What is the Mayflower compact?
It was a Pledge of obeying the law, written for future generations
- pledged loyalty to England
- intend to create a representative government
- promised to follow established rules
76
Plymouth vs. Jamestown
Religion?
P=religious reasons
J=money
Reasons for coming?
P=religion, need to survive, grown, fresh start
J=money, need to survive, started with men, fresh starts
77
Winter vs. Spring
- almost 1/2 pilgrims died from malnutrition, cold, disease
- samoset & squanto were friendly & taught them how to grow corn, beans, pumpkins & to fish & hunt
- led to peace w/ wampanoag
- signed peace treaty
- first thanksgiving
78
What did Charles I of England do to the Puritans
persecuted them!
79
Who formed the Massachusetts Bay Company?
Some puritans wanted to leave, they formed the Massachusetts Bay Company
80
Name 3 facts about the Massachusetts Bay Company
- received charter to create a colony north of plymouth
- society-bible
- governor is John Winthrop, 900 men, women & children, Boston
81
What was the great migration?
more than 15,000 puritans came to the colony seeking refuge and a better life
82
Name 3 things about the English Civil War
- Parliament vs. crown
- Oliver Cromwell=puritan for the parliament
- Charles I=suspected catholic for the crown
- charles tried and convicted of treason in 1649-beheaded
- cromwell ruled afterwards until his death
- parliament restored the monarchy but w/new limitations
83
What are patroons
landowners given land if they could bring 50 peole to work it. Feudal system, like kings
84
New York
- england took over port
- man in charge surrendered it
- given to Duke of York
- owned land and controlled the government (a proprietary colony)
- diverse population, centered around NYC
85
Name the 5 types of people who made up the population of NY
- dutch
- german
- swedish
- Brazilian jews
- native americans
86
What was the population of NY in 1664
8,000 people including 300 slaves
87
What was the population of NY in 1683
12,000 people
88
Name 6 facts about New Jersey
- originally part of NY
- given to Carteret & Berkeley
- offered large land tracts, religious freedom, trial by jury, assembly to make laws
- ethnically & religiously diverse
- no port-little profit
- returned as a RC to the king
89
Name 6 facts about Pennsylvania & Delaware
- William Penn received land from Charles II
- Wanted Quakers to live in PA
- designed Philadelphia-wrote PA's first constitution
- bought land from native americans
- made Enlish, welsh, irish, dutch and germans
- lower portion was occupied by swedes-allowed them to form Delaware
90
Pennsylvania is about the size of _________
England
91
Name 5 facts about the Quakers
- believed in equality
- follow "inner light" to salvation
- no clergy
- pacifists-people who refuse to be forced to fight in wars
- were considered a threat to England, were persecuted
92
The Calvert & Penn families argued over ________
boundaries
93
In 1760's the Calvert & Penn families hired _______ & ________ to map boundaries
Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon
94
Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon mapped boundaries known as the ___________
Mason-Dixon Line
95
Calverts welcomed ________ & __________
Calverts welcomed Protestant and Catholics - protestants outnumbered catholics
96
What is an act of toleration?
granted both protestants & catholics the right to worship freely
97
In 1692 assembly made _______ officially Anglican
In 1602 assembly made Maryland officially Anglican, Catholics faced same problems
98
Name 2 facts about William Berkley?
- governor of Virginia
| - large piece of land, stop expansion
99
Name 7 facts about Nathaniel Bacon
- lived in West Virginia
- opposed Berkely-gov controlled by EVA
- Bacon attacked NA villiages
- marched to Jamestown=Berkley to exile
- died suddenly=Berkley restored
- settlers couldn't be stopped
100
What does Carolina mean in Latin?
Charles's land
101
North Carolina vs South Carolina
- farmers in N sold tobacco, timber, tar-Virginia export
- fertile farmland + port @ Charlestown
- SC prosper
- traded deerskin, beef & lumber
- both grew rice & indigo
- settlers increased power=seized control in 1719
- made separate royal colonies in 1729
102
Name 5 facts about James Oglethorpe
- created Georgia (for debtors and poor)
- hundreds of poor and RR came
- many didn't like his rules
- became discouraged, gave up, returned home
- Georgia became a royal colony in 1751
103
What happened with the French in North America?
- founded Quebec
- supported New France, expanded presence
- Louis Joliet & Jaques Marquette explored Mississippi
- Rene-Robert Cavilier Mississippi to Gulf
- Claimed land and named it Louisiana
- 1718 New Orleans port was established
- france expanded slowly
- estate holders brought tenant farmers-paid annual rent & worked for him
- great relationship with Native American, trappers & missionaries went to NA territory
- non-threatening
104
What was the Dutch main settlement?
New Amsterdam which was a great seaport & colony of trade
105
New Hampshire was founded by ?
John Wheelwright who was banished from Jamestown
106
What was in 1675?
New England wages war against Wampanoag
107
Who won King Phillips war?
New England
108
Who was the founder of Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker, a banished minister
109
In Connecticut people went to live in
the river valley
110
Who is the founder of Rhode Island?
```
Roger Williams, he was banished
Also:
-religious freedom
-no land taken from NA
-took refuge w/ Narraganset
```
111
Spanish in NA
-vast empire in SW & C America
-sent settlers, troops & missionaries to Santa Fe, New Mexico
-went to Arizona & Texas
-Spanish priests established missions along California coast
-missions included San Diego, Los Angeles, Monterrey
Founded by Father Junipero Serra, rights of N.A.
112
What are Missions
religious settlements
113
How did Maryland deal with tensions between Protestants & Cathoics
made Act of Toleration
114
What are the 3 types of government?
- Rep
- proprietary
- Royal Governor
115
What happened with slavery when the Southern Colonies were established?
it increased
plantations & farms
116
France slow to settle in America?
came for trade, not settlements
117
Who founded Georgia & why was it started?
James Oglethorpe
Started it for the debtors & poor
118
Early settlements
Jamestown, Roanoke
119
NE colonies
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
120
Middle Colonies
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
- New York
- Delaware
121
Southern Colonies
- Maryland
- Carolinas
- Virginia
- Georgia
122
Bonus:
Uniquely founded
Georgia for the poor & debtors
123
Name the 4 colonies in the NE section:
- Massachussets-Winthrop ( & Bradford)
- Connecticut-Hooker
- Rhode Island-Roger Williams
- New Hampshire-Wheelwright
124
Name 5 Southern Colonies
- Maryland-Calvert
- North Carolina-8 aristocrats
- South Carolina-8 aristocrats
- Virginia-Smith
- Georgia-Oglethorpe
125
Name 4 Middle Colonies
- New Jersey-Carteret and Berkley
- Pennsylvania-Penn
- New York-Dutch settlers
- Delaware-Swedish settlers
