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A. White- Human Anatomy > The Arm (Brachium) > Flashcards

The Arm (Brachium) Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the arm is the antebrachium?

A

The forearm

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2
Q

What nerves of the brachial plexus are found in the anterior compartment of the arm (Flexors)?

A

median and ulnar nerves.

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3
Q

What nerves are found in the posterior compartment of the arm (extensors)?

A

raidal nerve

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4
Q

What does the deep brachial artery branch into?

A

middle collateral

radial collateral

superior ulnar collateral

inferior ulnar collateral

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5
Q

The biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis are innervated by what nerve?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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6
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the biceps brachii?

A

long head: supraglenoid tubercle

short head: coracoid process of the scapula

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7
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?

A

radial tuberosity and fascia of the forearm via bicipital aponeurosis.

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8
Q

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

A

supinates forarm, when supine will flex the forearm.

resists dislocation of shoulder (short head)

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9
Q

What is the blood supply supply of the biceps brachii?

A

brachial artery

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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11
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

A

coracoid process of scapula

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12
Q

What is the distal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

A

middle 1/3 of medial humeral surface

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13
Q

what are the actions of the coracobachialis?

A

flexeion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.

Resists dislocation of shoulder joint.

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14
Q

What is the blood supply of the coracobrachialis?

A

the brachial artery

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the brachialis?

A

distal 1/2 of anerior surface of humerus.

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17
Q

What is the distal attachment of the brachialis?

A

coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

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18
Q

What are the actions of the brachialis?

A

flexes forearm at elbow joint

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19
Q

What is the blood supply of the brachialis?

A

brachial artery

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the brachialis?

A

musculotaneous nerve

lateral portions may receive radial nerve contributions.

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21
Q

The triceps brachii and the anconeus are innervated by what nerve?

A

radial nerve

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22
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the anconeus?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

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23
Q

What is the distal attachment of the anconeus?

A

lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of surface of ulna

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24
Q

What are the actions of the anconeus?

A

assists triceps in extension of forearm and stabilizes elbow joint; also abducts ulnar during pronation.

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25
Q

What is the supply of the anconeus?

A

deep brachial artey

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the anconeus?

A

radial nerve

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27
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the triceps brachii?

A

long: infraglenoid tubercle
lateral: posterior surface of humerus
medial: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove (spiral groove)

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28
Q

What is the distal attachment of the triceps brachii?

A

proximal end of olecranon and fascia of forearm.

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29
Q

What are the actions of the triceps brachii?

A

extends forearm of elbow joint.

Resists dislocation of shoulder joint

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30
Q

What is the blood supply of the triceps brachii?

A

Deep brachial artery

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31
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

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32
Q

When flexing (i.e. when holding a wheelbarrow), the triceps are constantly acting as _____ to the forearm flexors.

A

antagonists

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33
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

brachioradialis

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34
Q

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

pronator teres

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35
Q

What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

an imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus.

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36
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

skin, superifical and deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis.

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37
Q

What is the floor of the boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

supinator and brachialis.

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38
Q

What nerves are found in the cubital fossa?

A

median nerve, radial nerve (deep and superifical)

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39
Q

What vessels are found in the cubital fossa?

A

radial and ulnar arteries; brachial veins.

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40
Q

What muscles are found in the elbow region?

A

triceps and anconeus

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41
Q

What part of the arm is the brachium?

A

The humerus.

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42
Q

What nerve runs posterior to the medial epicondlye of the humerus?

A

the ulnar nerve; it is also known as the funny bone.

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43
Q

What vessels of the arm make the cubital anastomosis?

A

brachial artery and ulnar artery

deep brachial artery, radial and interosseous arteries.

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44
Q

The medial epicondyle is the origin for what type of muscles?

A

Flexor

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45
Q

the lateral epicondyle is an origin for what type of muscles?

A

extensors.

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46
Q

True or false: the ulna articulates with the carpals.

A

False

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47
Q

The radius and ulna articulate with what disc?

A

The articular disc.

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48
Q

What is another term for the deep brachial artery?

A

profunda brachii

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49
Q

The superior ulnar collateral and inferior ulnar collateral arteries originate from what artery?

A

Brachial artery

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50
Q

The radial collateral and middle collateral arteries arise from what artery?

A

deep brachial artery

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51
Q

The radial recurrent artery arises from what artery?

A

radial artery

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52
Q

Which interosseous artery is part of the cubital anastomosis?

A

recurrent interosseous artery

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53
Q

what are the three interosseous arteries?

A

recurrent interosseous, anterior interosseous, posterior interosseous

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54
Q

What vessel suppleis the anterior portion of the hand?

A

ulnar artery (superficial palmar arch) and the radial artery (deep palmar arch)

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55
Q

The superficial branch of the radial arrtery gives rise to what arteries?

A

common digital arteries

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56
Q

What do common digital arteries eventually become (distally)?

A

common digital arteries

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57
Q

What artery does the radial artery give rise to?

A

princeps pollicis artery.

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58
Q

The princeps pollicis artery gives rise to what other artery?

A

radialis indicis artery

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59
Q

What arteries supply the posterior forearm and hand?

A

radial artery (via deep palmar arch and dorsal carpal arch)

Common interosseus artery

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60
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

brachioradialis

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61
Q

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

pronator teres

62
Q

What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

an imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondlyes of humerus.

63
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

skin, superificial and deep fascia, bicipital apjoneurosis.

64
Q

What is the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

supinator and brachialis.

65
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pronator teres?

A

coronoid process of the ulna

66
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pronator teres?

A

middle of lateral surface of radius

67
Q

What are the actions of the pronator teres?

A

pronates and flexes forearm at elbow

68
Q

What nerve innervates the pronator teres?

A

median nerve

69
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi raidalis?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus.

70
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

base of 2nd metacarpal

71
Q

What are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexes and abducts hand at the wrist.

72
Q

What nerve inneravtes the flexor carpi radialis?

A

median nerve

73
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the palmaris longus?

A

medial epicondryle of the humerus.

74
Q

What is the distal attachment of the palmaris longus?

A

flexor retinaculum; continuous with palmar aponeurosis

75
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus?

A

flexes hand at wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis

76
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?

A

median nerve

77
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

78
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

79
Q

What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist.

80
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar nerve

81
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum superificalis?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, superior 1/2 of anterior border of radius.

82
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superificalis?

A

shafts of the middle phalanges of medial 4 digits.

83
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joint, flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints.

84
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median nerve

85
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane.

86
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor difitorum profundus?

A

bases of distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th fingers.

87
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

flexes distal phalanges at interphalangeal joints

88
Q

What neves innervate the flexor digitorum profundus

A

median and ulnar nerves

89
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane.

90
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb.

91
Q

What are the actions of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexion of the thumb.

92
Q

What nerve inervates the flexor pollicis longus?

A

median nerve via anteiror interosseous nerve

93
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pronator quadratus?

A

distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

94
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pronator quadratus?

A

distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius.

95
Q

What are the actions of the pronator quadratus?

A

pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius and ulna together.

96
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve.

97
Q

What nerve (superficial and deep_ innervates the posterior forearm?

A

radial nerve

98
Q

The superifical branch of the radial nerve runs beneath what muscle?

A

brachioradialis

99
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve eventually becomes what nerve in the posterior forearm?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

100
Q

All muscles of the postteior forearm are innervated by what nerve?

A

the radial nerve or the deep branch of the radial nerve.

101
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the brachioradialis?

A

proximal 2/3 or supraepicondylar ridge of humerus.

102
Q

What is the distal attachment of the brachioradialis?

A

distal radius, proximal to styloid process.

103
Q

What are the actions of the brachioradialis?

A

flexes the forearm when it is pronated

104
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

radial nerve

105
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the xtensor carpi radialis longus?

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.

106
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal.

107
Q

What are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Extend and abduct hand at wrist.

108
Q

What is the innervation of the xtensor carpi radialis longus?

A

radial nerve

109
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the xtensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus.

110
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal.

111
Q

What are the actions of the extnsor carpi radialis brevis?

A

extend and abduct hand at wrist.

112
Q

What is the extensor carpi radialis brevis innervated by?

A

deep branch of the radial nerve.

113
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digitorum?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

114
Q

What is the distal attachmen of the extensor digitorum?

A

extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers.

115
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum?

A

extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and somewhat at interphalangeal joints.

116
Q

What is the extensor digitorum innervated by?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

117
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

lateral epicondyl of humerus

118
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

extensor expansion of 5th finger

119
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extends the 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondarily at interphalangeal joints.

120
Q

What is the extensor digiti minimi innervated by?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

121
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

lateral epicondryle of humerus and posterior border of ulna.

122
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

dorsal aspect of base to 5th metacarpal

123
Q

What are the actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

extends and adducts the hand at wrist.

124
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

125
Q

What nerve innervates the deep extensors?

A

deep branch of the radial nerve or the posterior interosseous nerve (is a continuation of the radial nerve)

126
Q

What muscles are the “outcropping muscles” of the deep extensors?

A

abductor/extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis.

127
Q

What muscles are the deep extensors?

A

supinator, extensor indicis, extensor/abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis.

128
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the supinator?

A

lateral epicondyle of hymerus, radial collatral an anular ligaments, ulnar crest.

129
Q

What is the distal attachment of the supinator?

A

proximal 1/3 of radius

130
Q

What are the actions of the supinator?

A

supinates forearm, bring radius back to anatomical position.

131
Q

What is the innervation of the supinator?

A

deep branch of radial nerve

132
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor indicis?

A

posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane.

133
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor indicis?

A

Extensor expansion of 2nd finger.

134
Q

What are the actions of the extensor indicis?

A

independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension of wrist.

135
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?

A

posterior interosseous nerve.

136
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of ulna and radius, interosseous membrane.

137
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

base of 1st metacarpal

138
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

abducts the thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint.

139
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

posterior interosseous nerve.

140
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radisu, interosseous membrane.

141
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

doral aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb.

142
Q

What are the actions of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpophalangeal joint, also extends carpometacarpal joint.

143
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

posterior interosseous nerve.

144
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna, interosseous membrane.

145
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb.

146
Q

What are the actions of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint and extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint.

147
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

148
Q

What muscles make up the anatomical snuff box?

A

extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus

149
Q

You encounter a patient who has fractured their humerus. Their wrist remains limp and exhibits “wrist drop”. What nerve is most likely affected?

A

Radial nerve

150
Q

In “wrist drop” what muscles are paralyzed?

A

extensors; this prevents the wrist from extending. The flexors “take over” and the wrist assumes a partially flexed position.

A. White- Human Anatomy (23 decks)

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