The Arm (Brachium) Flashcards
1
Q
What part of the arm is the antebrachium?
A
The forearm
2
Q
What nerves of the brachial plexus are found in the anterior compartment of the arm (Flexors)?
A
median and ulnar nerves.
3
Q
What nerves are found in the posterior compartment of the arm (extensors)?
A
raidal nerve
4
Q
What does the deep brachial artery branch into?
A
middle collateral
radial collateral
superior ulnar collateral
inferior ulnar collateral
5
Q
The biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis are innervated by what nerve?
A
musculocutaneous nerve
6
Q
What is the proximal attachment of the biceps brachii?
A
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
short head: coracoid process of the scapula
7
Q
What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?
A
radial tuberosity and fascia of the forearm via bicipital aponeurosis.
8
Q
What are the actions of the biceps brachii?
A
supinates forarm, when supine will flex the forearm.
resists dislocation of shoulder (short head)
9
Q
What is the blood supply supply of the biceps brachii?
A
brachial artery
10
Q
What nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
A
musculocutaneous nerve
11
Q
What is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis?
A
coracoid process of scapula
12
Q
What is the distal attachment of the coracobrachialis?
A
middle 1/3 of medial humeral surface
13
Q
what are the actions of the coracobachialis?
A
flexeion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.
Resists dislocation of shoulder joint.
14
Q
What is the blood supply of the coracobrachialis?
A
the brachial artery
15
Q
What nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?
A
musculocutaneous nerve
16
Q
What is the proximal attachment of the brachialis?
A
distal 1/2 of anerior surface of humerus.
17
Q
What is the distal attachment of the brachialis?
A
coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna
18
Q
What are the actions of the brachialis?
A
flexes forearm at elbow joint
19
Q
What is the blood supply of the brachialis?
A
brachial artery
20
Q
What is the innervation of the brachialis?
A
musculotaneous nerve
lateral portions may receive radial nerve contributions.
21
Q
The triceps brachii and the anconeus are innervated by what nerve?
A
radial nerve
22
Q
What is the proximal attachment of the anconeus?
A
lateral epicondyle of humerus
23
Q
What is the distal attachment of the anconeus?
A
lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of surface of ulna
24
Q
What are the actions of the anconeus?
A
assists triceps in extension of forearm and stabilizes elbow joint; also abducts ulnar during pronation.
25
What is the supply of the anconeus?
deep brachial artey
26
What is the innervation of the anconeus?
radial nerve
27
What is the proximal attachment of the triceps brachii?
long: infraglenoid tubercle
lateral: posterior surface of humerus
medial: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove (spiral groove)
28
What is the distal attachment of the triceps brachii?
proximal end of olecranon and fascia of forearm.
29
What are the actions of the triceps brachii?
extends forearm of elbow joint.
Resists dislocation of shoulder joint
30
What is the blood supply of the triceps brachii?
Deep brachial artery
31
What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?
radial nerve
32
When flexing (i.e. when holding a wheelbarrow), the triceps are constantly acting as _____ to the forearm flexors.
antagonists
33
What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?
brachioradialis
34
What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?
pronator teres
35
What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?
an imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus.
36
What is the roof of the cubital fossa?
skin, superifical and deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis.
37
What is the floor of the boundary of the cubital fossa?
supinator and brachialis.
38
What nerves are found in the cubital fossa?
median nerve, radial nerve (deep and superifical)
39
What vessels are found in the cubital fossa?
radial and ulnar arteries; brachial veins.
40
What muscles are found in the elbow region?
triceps and anconeus
41
What part of the arm is the brachium?
The humerus.
42
What nerve runs posterior to the medial epicondlye of the humerus?
the ulnar nerve; it is also known as the funny bone.
43
What vessels of the arm make the cubital anastomosis?
brachial artery and ulnar artery
deep brachial artery, radial and interosseous arteries.
44
The medial epicondyle is the origin for what type of muscles?
Flexor
45
the lateral epicondyle is an origin for what type of muscles?
extensors.
46
True or false: the ulna articulates with the carpals.
False
47
The radius and ulna articulate with what disc?
The articular disc.
48
What is another term for the deep brachial artery?
profunda brachii
49
The superior ulnar collateral and inferior ulnar collateral arteries originate from what artery?
Brachial artery
50
The radial collateral and middle collateral arteries arise from what artery?
deep brachial artery
51
The radial recurrent artery arises from what artery?
radial artery
52
Which interosseous artery is part of the cubital anastomosis?
recurrent interosseous artery
53
what are the three interosseous arteries?
recurrent interosseous, anterior interosseous, posterior interosseous
54
What vessel suppleis the anterior portion of the hand?
ulnar artery (superficial palmar arch) and the radial artery (deep palmar arch)
55
The superficial branch of the radial arrtery gives rise to what arteries?
common digital arteries
56
What do common digital arteries eventually become (distally)?
common digital arteries
57
What artery does the radial artery give rise to?
princeps pollicis artery.
58
The princeps pollicis artery gives rise to what other artery?
radialis indicis artery
59
What arteries supply the posterior forearm and hand?
radial artery (via deep palmar arch and dorsal carpal arch)
Common interosseus artery
60
What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?
brachioradialis
61
What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?
pronator teres
62
What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?
an imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondlyes of humerus.
63
What is the roof of the cubital fossa?
skin, superificial and deep fascia, bicipital apjoneurosis.
64
What is the floor of the cubital fossa?
supinator and brachialis.
65
What is the proximal attachment of the pronator teres?
coronoid process of the ulna
66
What is the distal attachment of the pronator teres?
middle of lateral surface of radius
67
What are the actions of the pronator teres?
pronates and flexes forearm at elbow
68
What nerve innervates the pronator teres?
median nerve
69
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi raidalis?
medial epicondyle of the humerus.
70
What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?
base of 2nd metacarpal
71
What are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis?
flexes and abducts hand at the wrist.
72
What nerve inneravtes the flexor carpi radialis?
median nerve
73
What is the proximal attachment of the palmaris longus?
medial epicondryle of the humerus.
74
What is the distal attachment of the palmaris longus?
flexor retinaculum; continuous with palmar aponeurosis
75
What is the action of the palmaris longus?
flexes hand at wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis
76
What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?
median nerve
77
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
78
What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
79
What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist.
80
What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
ulnar nerve
81
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum superificalis?
medial epicondyle of humerus, superior 1/2 of anterior border of radius.
82
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superificalis?
shafts of the middle phalanges of medial 4 digits.
83
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joint, flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints.
84
What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?
median nerve
85
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum profundus?
proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane.
86
What is the distal attachment of the flexor difitorum profundus?
bases of distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th fingers.
87
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum profundus?
flexes distal phalanges at interphalangeal joints
88
What neves innervate the flexor digitorum profundus
median and ulnar nerves
89
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?
anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane.
90
What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?
base of distal phalanx of thumb.
91
What are the actions of the flexor pollicis longus?
Flexion of the thumb.
92
What nerve inervates the flexor pollicis longus?
median nerve via anteiror interosseous nerve
93
What is the proximal attachment of the pronator quadratus?
distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
94
What is the distal attachment of the pronator quadratus?
distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius.
95
What are the actions of the pronator quadratus?
pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius and ulna together.
96
What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?
median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve.
97
What nerve (superficial and deep_ innervates the posterior forearm?
radial nerve
98
The superifical branch of the radial nerve runs beneath what muscle?
brachioradialis
99
The deep branch of the radial nerve eventually becomes what nerve in the posterior forearm?
posterior interosseous nerve
100
All muscles of the postteior forearm are innervated by what nerve?
the radial nerve or the deep branch of the radial nerve.
101
What is the proximal attachment of the brachioradialis?
proximal 2/3 or supraepicondylar ridge of humerus.
102
What is the distal attachment of the brachioradialis?
distal radius, proximal to styloid process.
103
What are the actions of the brachioradialis?
flexes the forearm when it is pronated
104
What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?
radial nerve
105
What is the proximal attachment of the xtensor carpi radialis longus?
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.
106
What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal.
107
What are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Extend and abduct hand at wrist.
108
What is the innervation of the xtensor carpi radialis longus?
radial nerve
109
What is the proximal attachment of the xtensor carpi radialis brevis?
lateral epicondyle of humerus.
110
What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal.
111
What are the actions of the extnsor carpi radialis brevis?
extend and abduct hand at wrist.
112
What is the extensor carpi radialis brevis innervated by?
deep branch of the radial nerve.
113
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digitorum?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
114
What is the distal attachmen of the extensor digitorum?
extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers.
115
What are the actions of the extensor digitorum?
extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and somewhat at interphalangeal joints.
116
What is the extensor digitorum innervated by?
posterior interosseous nerve
117
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?
lateral epicondyl of humerus
118
What is the distal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?
extensor expansion of 5th finger
119
What are the actions of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extends the 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondarily at interphalangeal joints.
120
What is the extensor digiti minimi innervated by?
posterior interosseous nerve
121
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
lateral epicondryle of humerus and posterior border of ulna.
122
What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
dorsal aspect of base to 5th metacarpal
123
What are the actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
extends and adducts the hand at wrist.
124
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
posterior interosseous nerve
125
What nerve innervates the deep extensors?
deep branch of the radial nerve or the posterior interosseous nerve (is a continuation of the radial nerve)
126
What muscles are the "outcropping muscles" of the deep extensors?
abductor/extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis.
127
What muscles are the deep extensors?
supinator, extensor indicis, extensor/abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis.
128
What is the proximal attachment of the supinator?
lateral epicondyle of hymerus, radial collatral an anular ligaments, ulnar crest.
129
What is the distal attachment of the supinator?
proximal 1/3 of radius
130
What are the actions of the supinator?
supinates forearm, bring radius back to anatomical position.
131
What is the innervation of the supinator?
deep branch of radial nerve
132
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor indicis?
posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane.
133
What is the distal attachment of the extensor indicis?
Extensor expansion of 2nd finger.
134
What are the actions of the extensor indicis?
independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension of wrist.
135
What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?
posterior interosseous nerve.
136
What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?
posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of ulna and radius, interosseous membrane.
137
What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?
base of 1st metacarpal
138
What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?
abducts the thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint.
139
What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus?
posterior interosseous nerve.
140
what is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?
posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radisu, interosseous membrane.
141
What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?
doral aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb.
142
What are the actions of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpophalangeal joint, also extends carpometacarpal joint.
143
What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?
posterior interosseous nerve.
144
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?
posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna, interosseous membrane.
145
What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb.
146
What are the actions of the extensor pollicis longus?
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint and extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint.
147
What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?
posterior interosseous nerve
148
What muscles make up the anatomical snuff box?
extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
149
You encounter a patient who has fractured their humerus. Their wrist remains limp and exhibits "wrist drop". What nerve is most likely affected?
Radial nerve
150
In "wrist drop" what muscles are paralyzed?
extensors; this prevents the wrist from extending. The flexors "take over" and the wrist assumes a partially flexed position.
