Foot

Question 1

The medial and lateral tubercles are grooves for what tendon?

Answer 1

flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 2

What is the sustentaculum tail?

Answer 2

A shelf-like projection that supports the talus

Question 3

What is the fibular trochlea?

Answer 3

A ridge on the lateral surface of hte calcaneus

Question 4

What does the navicular articluate with?

Answer 4

posteriorly = talus head

anteriorly = 3 cuneiforms

laterally = cuboid

Question 5

What is the most lateral bone in distal row of tarsus?

Answer 5

cuboid

Question 6

What does the cuboid atriculate with?

Answer 6

posteriorly = calcaneus

anteriorly = 4th and 5th metatrasals

medially = navicular and lateral cuneiform

Question 7

The cuboid sulcus is a groove for what muscle?

Answer 7

fibularis longus

Question 8

Which cuneiform is the largest?

Answer 8

medial cuneiform

Question 9

What do the cuneiforms articulate with?

Answer 9

posteriorly with navicular

anteriorly with corresponding metatarsal

Question 10

The dorsum of the foot is continuous with what?

Answer 10

The extensor retinaculum.

Question 11

What is another term for the sole of the foot?

Answer 11

plantar fascia.

It thickens to form the plantar aponeurosis

Question 12

What does the plantar aponeurosis cover?

Answer 12

entire length of the sole

Question 13

What does the deep fascia function to do?

Answer 13

support the longitudinal foot arches.

Question 14

What is heel spur syndome?

Answer 14

A plantar aponeurosis inflammation at proximal attachment (calcaneus).

Question 15

What are the causess of heel spur syndrome?

Answer 15

running, high-impact exercise, obesity, worn-out shoes

Question 16

What can plantar fascitis lead to?

Answer 16

development of bony process, especially from medial calcaneal tubercle.

Question 17

What two muscles are found in the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 17

extensor hallucis brevis

extensor digitorum brevis

They join long tenons at the MP joint

Question 18

What nerve innervates the dosrum?

Answer 18

Deep fibular nerve

Question 19

What are the roles of the muscles in the sole of the foot?

Answer 19

help maintain foot arches

stand on uneven ground

Question 20

What three short muscles extend from the calcaneus to phalanges?

Answer 20

The first layer of muscles

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis

Question 21

What muscle joints the tendon of FDL to calcanus?

Answer 21

quadratus plantae.

It also assists FDL in flexing lateral four digits.

Question 22

What muscles flex the MP joints?

Answer 22

lumbricals.

They also extend PIP and DIP joints.

Question 23

What are the plantar muscles?

Answer 23

flexor digiti minimi brevis

adductor hallucis

flexor hallucis brevis

Question 24

What muscle protects the first metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when standing and walking?

Answer 24

flexor hallucis brevis

Question 25

The fibularis longus and tibialis posterior tendons are found in what layer of plantar muscles?

Answer 25

The fourth layer

Question 26

What tendons are found in the fourth layer (planta muscles)?

Answer 26

fibularis longus and tibialis posterior tendons

Question 27

What is hallux valgus characterized by?

Answer 27

Lateral deviation of the great toe.

Question 28

What is a mallet toe?

Answer 28

flexion in the distal IP joint

Question 29

what is a hammer toe?

Answer 29

extension at the MP joint and flexion at the proximal IP joint.

Question 30

What is a claw toe?

Answer 30

extension at the MP joint and flexion at both the proximal and distal IP joint.

Question 31

What is a trigger toe?

Answer 31

A deformity that occurs at the MP/IP joints in the large toe.

Question 32

What do toe deformities appear as a result of?

Answer 32

Shortened flexor muscles which override lumbrical function.

Question 33

The tibial nerve divides the posaterior to medial malleous into what nerves?

Answer 33

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 34

What do the medial and lateral plantar nerves supply?

Answer 34

All intrinsic muscles of the foot plantar skin They appear in the second foot layer

Question 35

What is the larger of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

Answer 35

Medial plantar nerve

Question 36

WHat muscles does the medial plantar nerve supply?

Answer 36

abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis most medial lumbrical flexor hallucis brevis

Question 37

What is the smaller of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

Answer 37

lateral plantar nerve

Question 38

Wht muscles do the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

Answer 38

abductor digiti minimi quadratus plantae lateral three lumbricals adductor hallucis fdmb interossei

Question 39

What arteries supply the foot?

Answer 39

Terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

Question 40

What are two branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 40

Arcuate artery deep plantar artery

Question 41

What two divisions of the posterior tibial artery supply the sole of the foot?

Answer 41

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 42

What are the functions of foot arches?

Answer 42

absorb shock during weightbearing makes foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

Question 43

What are the two foot arches?

Answer 43

Longitudinal arch transverse arch

Question 44

What forms the transverse arch?

Answer 44

cuboid, three cuneiforms and metatarsal bases

Question 45

What does the talus (ankle bone) articulate with?

Answer 45

superiorly = two leg bones inferiorly = calcaneus anteriorly = navicular bone