Foot Flashcards
The medial and lateral tubercles are grooves for what tendon?
flexor hallucis longus tendon
What is the sustentaculum tail?
A shelf-like projection that supports the talus
What is the fibular trochlea?
A ridge on the lateral surface of hte calcaneus
What does the navicular articluate with?
posteriorly = talus head
anteriorly = 3 cuneiforms
laterally = cuboid
What is the most lateral bone in distal row of tarsus?
cuboid
What does the cuboid atriculate with?
posteriorly = calcaneus
anteriorly = 4th and 5th metatrasals
medially = navicular and lateral cuneiform
The cuboid sulcus is a groove for what muscle?
fibularis longus
Which cuneiform is the largest?
medial cuneiform
What do the cuneiforms articulate with?
posteriorly with navicular
anteriorly with corresponding metatarsal
The dorsum of the foot is continuous with what?
The extensor retinaculum.
What is another term for the sole of the foot?
plantar fascia.
It thickens to form the plantar aponeurosis
What does the plantar aponeurosis cover?
entire length of the sole
What does the deep fascia function to do?
support the longitudinal foot arches.
What is heel spur syndome?
A plantar aponeurosis inflammation at proximal attachment (calcaneus).
What are the causess of heel spur syndrome?
running, high-impact exercise, obesity, worn-out shoes
What can plantar fascitis lead to?
development of bony process, especially from medial calcaneal tubercle.
What two muscles are found in the dorsum of the foot?
extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis
They join long tenons at the MP joint
What nerve innervates the dosrum?
Deep fibular nerve
What are the roles of the muscles in the sole of the foot?
help maintain foot arches
stand on uneven ground
What three short muscles extend from the calcaneus to phalanges?
The first layer of muscles
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
What muscle joints the tendon of FDL to calcanus?
quadratus plantae.
It also assists FDL in flexing lateral four digits.
What muscles flex the MP joints?
lumbricals.
They also extend PIP and DIP joints.
What are the plantar muscles?
flexor digiti minimi brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
What muscle protects the first metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when standing and walking?
flexor hallucis brevis
The fibularis longus and tibialis posterior tendons are found in what layer of plantar muscles?
The fourth layer
What tendons are found in the fourth layer (planta muscles)?
fibularis longus and tibialis posterior tendons
What is hallux valgus characterized by?
Lateral deviation of the great toe.
What is a mallet toe?
flexion in the distal IP joint
what is a hammer toe?
extension at the MP joint and flexion at the proximal IP joint.
What is a claw toe?
extension at the MP joint and flexion at both the proximal and distal IP joint.
What is a trigger toe?
A deformity that occurs at the MP/IP joints in the large toe.
What do toe deformities appear as a result of?
Shortened flexor muscles which override lumbrical function.
The tibial nerve divides the posaterior to medial malleous into what nerves?
medial and lateral plantar nerves
What do the medial and lateral plantar nerves supply?
All intrinsic muscles of the foot
plantar skin
They appear in the second foot layer
What is the larger of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve?
Medial plantar nerve
WHat muscles does the medial plantar nerve supply?
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
most medial lumbrical
flexor hallucis brevis
What is the smaller of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve?
lateral plantar nerve
Wht muscles do the lateral plantar nerve innervate?
abductor digiti minimi
quadratus plantae
lateral three lumbricals
adductor hallucis
fdmb
interossei
What arteries supply the foot?
Terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
What are two branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?
Arcuate artery
deep plantar artery
What two divisions of the posterior tibial artery supply the sole of the foot?
medial and lateral plantar arteries
What are the functions of foot arches?
absorb shock during weightbearing
makes foot adaptable to surface and weight changes
What are the two foot arches?
Longitudinal arch
transverse arch
What forms the transverse arch?
cuboid, three cuneiforms and metatarsal bases
What does the talus (ankle bone) articulate with?
superiorly = two leg bones
inferiorly = calcaneus
anteriorly = navicular bone
