Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards
What are the major muscles of the anterior thigh?
Illiopsoas
Sartorius
Quadricepts femoris
Tensor fascia lata
What muscle is the chief flexor of the thigh?
Iliopsoas
What are the three portions of the iliopsoas?
iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor
What nerve is the Iliacus innervated by?
femoral nerve (L2 - L3)
What is the psoas major innervated by?
L1 - L3 ventral rami
What nerve innervates the psoas minor?
L1 - L2
What is the longest muscle in the thigh?
sartorius
What is the most superifical anterior thigh muscle?
sartorus
What nerve innervates the sartorius muscle?
femoral nerve
What are the actions of the sartorius muscle?
flex, abduct, laterally rotate thigh, flex leg
What is the pes anserinus?
common insertion for three muscles innervated by three separate nerves.
What innervates the quadriceps femoris?
femoral nerve
What are the actions of the quadriceps femoris?
Vasti extends the leg
Rectus extends leg and flexes thigh
The quadriceps tendon is made of how many tendons?
4 parts
The ligamentun patella is a continuation of what tendon?
Quadriceps tendon
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris?
extensor of the leg
flexor of the thigh
Where does the pectineus attach?
pectin line of the pubis
pectineal line
What is the pectineus innervated by?
femoral nerve
What are the actions of the pectineus?
Adduct and flex thigh
What is the attachment of the adductor longus?
Body of pubis
Middle 1/3 of linea aspera
What innervates the adductor longus?
obturator nerve
What are the actions of the adductor longus?
adducts and flexes thigh
Where does the gracilis attach?
pubis body and inferior ramus
superior part of medial surface of tibia.
Whta is the only adductor to cross knee joint?
gracilis
What is the gracilis innervated by?
obturator nerve
The saphenous nerve is a continuation of what nerve?
femoral nerve (L3, L4)
What are the actions of the gracilis?
adduct thigh
flex and medially rotate leg
Where does the adductor brevis attach?
pubis body and inferior ramus
proximal lina aspera
Where does the adductor brevis lie?
lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus
What is the adductor brevis innervated by?
obturator nerve
What are the functions of the adductor brevis?
Adduct and flex thigh
Where is the groin?
The junction between tht trunk and thigh
What is groin pull?
strain, stretching and tearing of the proximal attachments of thigh adductor/flexor muscles
What is the largest adductor muscle?
Adductor magnus
Where does the superior part of the adductor magnus lie deep to?
adductor brevis
What are the two parts of the adductor magnus?
adductor portion
hamstring portion
Where does the hamstring part of the adductor magnus attach?
ischial tuberosity
Where does the adductor part of the ischiopubic ramus attach?
ischiopubic ramus
What is the adductor part of the adductor magnus innervated by?
obturator nerve
What is the hamstring part of the adductor magnus innervated by?
tibial division of sciatic nerve
What is the action of the adductor part of the adductor magnus?
adducts and flexes thigh
What is the action of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus?
adducts and extends thigh
What nerve are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by?
femoral nerve
What is the action of the anterior thigh muscles?
extension
What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?
obturator nerve
What is the action of the medial thigh muscles?
adduction
What innervates the posterior thigh muscles?
sciatic nerve
What is the action of the posterior thigh muscles?
flexion
What does the femoral triangle contain?
NAVEL
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal (empty space)
Lymph nodes
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
floor = pectineus and iliopsoas muscles
roof = fascia lata
What is the femoral sheath?
A funnel shaped fascial tube that encloses proximal parts of femoral vessels and femoral canal.
What dos the femoral sheath allow?
It allows femoral vessels to glide smoothly deep to inguinal ligament during hip joint movements.
How many compartments do the two vertical septa divide the femoral sheath into?
three
lateral (femoral artery)
Intermediate (femoral vein)
medial or femoral canal
What is the femoral canal?
A medial compartment of the femoral sheath that contains lymph vessels, loose connective tissue and fat.
What does the femoral sheath allow for?
for the femoral vein to expand during increased venous return.
What is the femoral ring?
proximal opening of the femoral canal.
It is covered by parietal peritoneum
What is a femoral hernia?
A weak area in anterior abdominal wall where a loop of small intestine can protrude into the femoral canal.
It occurs at the femoral ring
Where do superifical inguinal lymph nodes lie?
They lie in the superifical fasica.
The proximal gorup lies inferior to inguinal ligament.
Where does the distal group of the superficial fascia lie?
along each side of the great saphenous bein.
Where do the distal and proximal groups of the superficial fascia pass into?
Pass deep to inguinal ligament.
Drain into external iliac lymph nodes.
Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes found?
Along the medial side of the femoral vein and inside femoral canal of femoral sheath.
They drain into external iliac lymph nodes.
What is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?
femoral nerve
Where does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?
enters thigh just lateral to midpoint of injuginal ligament.
What does the femoral nerve supply?
Anterior thigh muscles
Hip and knee joint
Iliacus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
Pectineus
What is the terminal cutaneous branch?
A saphenous nerve
What is the cutaneous innervation of the anterior thigh?
intermediate and medial cutaneous branches of femoral nerve and saphenous nerve.
You encounter a patient with an anterior hip dislocation. What nerveis most likely affected?
femoral nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
What is meralgia paresthetica?
compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under inguinal ligament, causing pain along lateral thigh.
What is the saphenous nerve?
A cutaneous branch that accompanies femoral vessels.
When does the saphenous nerve become superifical?
between the sartorius and gracillis
What does the saphenous nerve supply?
skin of the anterior and medial knee and leg
medial foot
Where do the saphenous nerve and saphenous branch of descepnding genicular artery exit?
through the medial side of the canal
Where does the adductor canal begin?
At the femoral triangle apex
Where does the adductor canal exit?
The adductor hiatus
What is the adductor hiatus?
An opening in the tendon of adductor magnus.
Femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa via what arch way?
adductor hiatus
What is the chief arterial supply to the lower limb?
femoral artery
Where does the femoral artery enter the femoral triangle?
deep to midpoint of inguinal ligament.
Lateral to femoral vein
In the thigh, the femoral artery gives rise to what?
articular branch and saphenous branch
What is the largest branch of the femoral artery?
profunda femoris artery
It is a chief artery to the thigh.
Where does the profunda femoris artery typcially descend?
behind adductor longus.
In femoral triangle, it gives rise to medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries.
What artery is the main supply to the femoral head and nek?
medial circumflex artery
What does the medial circumflex femoral artery pass to reach the posterior thigh?
medial circumflex femoral artery
What does the lateral circumflex femoral artery supply?
lateral thigh muscles and femur head
Where does the femoral vein enter?
Enters the femoral triangle to femoral artery.
Lies deep to femoral artery toward femoral triangle apex
What is the great saphenous vein used for?
administering blood, electrolytes, drugs, etc.
What is Hilton’s Law?
A joint is innervated by the very same nervees that supply the muscles that move the joint and supply the skin over the joint.
