Axilla and Pectoral Regions Flashcards
Where does the dorsal scapular artery arise from?
the lateral part of the subclavian artery.
Identify A
Suprascapular artery
M?
Nipple
Identify A
Clavicular notch
What are the three components of the sternum?
manubrium, body and xiphoid
What artery supplies the pectoral region and axilla?
the axillary artery.
B
Costal cartilage of 1st rib
O
Subscapular artery
D
Basilic vein
What vessel supplies the serratus anterior?
lateral thoracic artery.
E
Sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)
What bones make up the boundaries of the axilla?
The shaft of the clavicle, the glenoid cavity of the scapula, part of the body of the humerus, and the first 5 ribs.
A
Cervicodorsal trunk
Identify E
Circumflex scapular branch of subscapular artery
Identify H
Teres major
In cases of injury to regions near the scapular anastomoses, what happens to the direction of blood flow?
it is reversed. This allows blood to flow to the distal portion of the axilllary artery and the rest of the arm, forearm and hand.
What is 1?
Vertebral artery
B
Inferior hyoid artery
F?
Anterior interosseous vv.
What is 4?
Common carotid artery
N
Circumflex scapular artery
17
Cephalic vein
Where does lymph also come from?
parasternal and abdominal lymph nodes.
3
Medial wall
6
Anterior jugular vein
F?
Pectoral branch
What innervates the subclavius?
the nerve to subclavius (C5, 6)
7?
Pectoral fascia
9?
Suspensory ligament of axilla
J
Costal notches
Q
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery
Identify F
Xiphoid process
What ribs are considered to be “false ribs?”
8 - 10; they are also known as vertebrochondral ribs.
S
Axillary artery
D?
Subcutaneous tissue
F
Subscapularis
H?
Palmar digital vv.
What is 20?
Ascending cervical artery
C
Axillary lymph nodes
What is the second division of the subclavian artery?
posterior to the anterior scalene muscle.
What arterial branches anastomose around the scapula?
subclavian and axillary arteries.
J
Perforator vv.
What are the two superificial veins of the arm and forearm?
basilic and cephalic veins.
What is 17?
Transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk)
Where do mammary gland lobules converge?
on the nipple.
What is the first division of the subclavian artery?
medial to the anterior scalene muscle.
B
Cephalic vein
Identify B
Pectoralis minor
G
Internal thoracic artery
M?
Thoracodorsal artery
What is 4?
Lobule
5
Anterior wall
Identify O
Levator scapulae
What make up the anterior boundaries of the axilla?
clavicle, subclavius, pectoralis major, pctoralis minor
What muscle does the breast rest on?
the pectoral fascia
Identify D
Axillary lymph nodes
What is 6?
Alveoli
G?
4th intercostal space
C?
Thoracoepigastric vein
The clavipectoral fascia includes what two muscles?
the subclavius and pectoralis minor.
18
Axillary artery
Identify J
Ligature of brachial artery
12
Basilic vein
J?
6th rib
Identify C
Sternal angle
What is 3?
Inferior hyoid artery
The muscles of the pectoral region are innervated by what rami?
the ventral rami of spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus.
O?
Thoracoacromial artery
10
Pectoralis major
Where does the subclavius distally attach?
inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of clavicle.
F?
Pectoralis major
What vessels supply the pectoralis minor?
pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial arterial trunk.
At what region does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
the lateral border of the first rib.
What ribs are considered to be “true ribs?”
1-7; they are also known as vertebrocostal ribs.
I
Xiphoid process
L?
Lateral thoracic artery
4?
Pectoralis major
Identify G
Teres major
1
Sternum
What nerves innervate the breast?
4 - 6th intercostal nerves; it may also receive innervation from the supraclavicular nerve branches and other intercostal nerves.
What is 5?
Thyrocervical trunk
2?
Pectoralis minor
What is 7?
Lactiferous sinus
T
Thoraco-acromial artery
E
Subclavian artery
What are the commonly found branches of the subclavian artery?
supreme intercostal artery and deep cervical artery.
13
Brachial artery
Identify C
Pectoralis major
Identify G
Axillary artery
H?
Subscapular artery
G?
Radial vv.
U
Superior thoracic artery
V
Clavicle
Q?
Suspensory ligaments
Identify B
Ligature of axillary artery
What type of glands are mammary glands?
modified sweat glands.
What vein drains the pectoral and axillary regions?
the axilary vein. It generally follows the course of the axillary artery.
What is 9?
Internal thoracic artery
11?
Axillary fossa
C?
Retromammary space
Identify F
Subscapularis
What is the retromammary space?
The space betweeen the breast and pectoral fascia.
What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?
3 - 5th ribs near the costal cartilages.
What is the distal attachmen tof the pectoralis minor?
coracoid process of scpula.
O?
Lactiferous sinus
B?
Axillary vein
What is the long thoracic nerve innervated by?
long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)
Ribs are typically found in what region of the vertebral column?
thoracic
What are the actions of the pectoralis major?
adduction and medial rotation of the humerus Anterior and inferior movement of the scapular. Flexion of the humerus (via clavicle) Esxtension of the humeris in a flexed position (via the sternum).
Identify A
Axillary sheath
2
Axillary tail of breast
E
Median cuboital vein
A
Jugular notch
What is 2?
Nipple
3?
Clavicle
Identify E
Serratus anterior
What is the origin of the subclavian artery?
the brachiocephalic trunk (right) and the aortic arch (left). It arises posterior to sternoclaviacular joint.
I
Dorsal scapular artery
16
Subscapularis
W
Deep scapular artery
21
Pectoralis minor
A
Pectoralis major
4
Omohyoid
What makes up the posterior boundaries of the axilla?
scapula, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major.
3
Sternocleidomastoid
Identify D
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
7
Clavicle (cut) subclavius
Where is the sternal angle found?
between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
P?
Fat lobule
P
Lateral thoracic artery
A?
Subclavian vein
What nerves innervate the pectoral region?
supraclavicular nerves, anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves.
5?
Costocoracoid membrane
What is 5?
Lactiferous ducts
14
Accompanying veins of brachial artery (brachial veins)
Identify N
Dorsal scapular artery
J
Ligature of brachial artery
11
Axillary vein
5
Nipple
What is 8?
Lobe
What veins, arteries and nerves are found in the clavipectoral fascia?
cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and lateral pectoral nerves.
9
Cervicoaxillary canal
B?
Subclavian artery
Identify I
Brachial artery
What are the actions of the subclavius?
anchor and depression of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
What bones make up the pectoral region?
clavicles, sternum, ribs and scapula.
K
Thoracodorsal artery
F
1st rib
What innervates the pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1). It is usually pierced by this nerve.
L
Deep artery of arm (profunda brachii artery)
The medial and lateral pectoral nerves are named for what?
the part of the brachial plexus that they come from. The medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord, and the lateral pectoral nerve arises form the lateral cord.
K?
Mammary gland lobules (lactating)
X
Superficial cervical artery
How many divisions does the subclavian artery have?
3
23
Transverse cervical vein
H
Intercapitular vv.
J?
Deep artery or arm
What type of ducts open at the nipple?
lactiferous ducts.
What is 16?
Middle scalene
What are the actions of the pectoralis minor?
stabilizes the scapula by pulling it anteriorly and inferiorly against the posterior thoracic wall.
L
Clsvicular notch
What veins supply the breast?
Main the axillary vein via lateral thoracic veins and medial mammary veins. Some drainage to internal thoracic veins via anterior intercostal veins also occur.
What is 6?
Costocervical trunk
What is 8?
1st rib
What is 1?
Areolar gland
2
Subclavian vein
6
Areola
C
Thyrocervical artery
What muscles make up the boundaries of the axilla?
pectoralis major (anterior), latissismus dorsi and teres major (posterior), serratus anteior (chest wall).
6?
Pectoralis minor
Where does the pectoralis major distally attach?
lateral lip of the interubercular sulcus (biciptal groove)
B
Pectoralis minor
Identify K
Deep artery of arm
4
Lobules of fat
What vessels supply the pectoralis major?
pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial arterial trunk.
D?
Acromial branch
What vein supplies the deltopectoral triangle?
cephalic vein.
3?
Serratus anterior
E?
Brachial vv.
H?
Mammory gland lobules (resting)
Y
Suprascapular artery
What are the actions of the serratus anterior?
protracts scapula, rotates scapula, holds scapula agianst thorax.
What is 18?
Deep scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery)
What are the three commonly found branches of the medial part of the subclavian artery?
Internal thoracic mammary artery, vertbebral artery and thyrocervical arterial trunk.
2
1st rib
7
Lateral wall
D
Latissimus dorsi
D?
Thoracodorsal vein
15
Biceps brachii
K?
Brachial artery
R
Ligature of axillary artery
Identify B
Manubrium
Where does the dorsal scapular artery run along?
the vertebral border of the scapula.
Identify H
Latissimus dorsi
I?
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
What muscles make up the deltopectoral triangle?
deltoid, pectoralis major, middle 1/3 of clavicle.
3
Axilla
What vessels supply the subclavius?
clavicular branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk.
D
Vertebral artery
I?
Pectoral fascia
What is the fascia of the pectoral region?
It consists of superifical and deep layers that define borders, invest muscles and create potential spaces.
A?
Alveolus
8?
Pectoralis major
What arteries supply the breast?
anterior intercostal, lateral thoracic and internal thoracic arteries.
B
Posterior axillary fold
G
Axillary sheath
1
Clavicle
C?
Suprascapular artery
8
2nd rib
The lymphatic drainage of breast tissue occurs in what regions?
nipple, areola, lactiferous lobules and subareolar lymph nodes.
What is 15?
Posterior scalene
A?
Thyrocervical trunk
Identify G
Costal notches
A
Anterior axillary fold
20
Deltoid
1?
Subclavius
7
Serratus anterior
F
Median antebrachial vein
What are the two branches of the thyocervical arterial trunk?
transverse cervical artery has a superficial and eep branch (dorsal scapular artery).
What is 7?
Clavicle
F
Body of sternum
10?
Axillary fascia
K
Radiate sternocostal ligaments
2?
Omohyoid
Identify L
Anastomoses with intercostal arteries
K?
Ulnar vv.
What is 3?
Areola
The lymphatic drainage of breast tissue is related to what?
The metasis of cancer cells.
Identify M
Rhomboid minor
Identify F
Thoracodorsal artery
1
External jugular vein
10
Apex of axilla
What is 12?
Subclavian artery
H
Xiphisternal joint
M
Brachial artery
J?
Deep palmar venous arch
E?
Deltoid branch
B?
2nd rib
what innervates the pectoralis major?
lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5, C6 - clavicular portion, C7, C8, T1 - sternocostal region).
Identify E
Xiphisternal joint
9
Pectoralis minor
D
Manubrium
4?
Subclavius
The clavipectoral fascia becomes what ligament of the axilla?
the suspensory ligament.
G
Cephalic vein
H
Pectoralis minor
What is 11?
Deep cervical artery
Identify C
Subscapular artery
What are some concents of the axilla?
The axillary sheath (axillary a, axillary v, brachial plexus), pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, teres ajor, latissismus dorsi, subscapularis, central and pectoral lymph nodes.
What artery supplies the deltopectoral triangle?
the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery (from axillary artery).
What two bones do ribs articulate with?
the sternum and vertebrae.
How does the breast attach to the dermis of the skin?
via suspensory ligaments (cooper’s ligaments).
What ribs are considered “atypical?”
1, 2, 11 & 12
5
Internal jugular vein
E?
Pectoralis minor
22
Suprascapular veins
G
Transverse ridges
I?
Palmar metacarpal vv.
What is 14?
Suprascapular artery
E
Teres major
K
Median basilic vein
1?
Deep cervical fascia
C
Basilic hiatus
6
Posterior wall
Where does the serratus anterior distally attach?
anterior surface of medial border of the scapula.
What is the third division of the subclavian artery?
lateral to the anterior scalene muscle.
C
Synchondrosis of first rib
A
Deltopectoral groove
8
Intertubercular groove
What is 19?
Superficial cervical artery (superficial branch of transverse cervical artery)
I
Superficial palmar venous arch
N?
Areola
4
Base of axilla
Z
Anterior scalene muscle
What makes up the lateral boundary of the axilla?
intertubercular sulcus, tendon of long head of biceps, coracobrachialis tendon.
What is 9?
Suspensory ligaments
What is 2?
Anterior scalene
Where does the subclavius proximally attach?
junction of the first rib and its costal cartilage.
G?
Axillary artery
What do the sternal ends of ribs articulate with?
The sternum, costal cartilage or it sits in the fascia.
Where does the pectoralis major proximally attach?
clavicular and sternocostal regions. The anterior surface of media 1/2 of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages
L?
Lactiferous ducts
N?
Circumflex scapular artery
Where does the serratus anterior proximally attach?
external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-9.
Identify D
Body of sternum (sternebrae)
What is 13?
Axillary artery
What two arteries have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral, should and axillary regions?
subclavian and axillary arteries.
How much of the lymph is from the breast?
>75%; it comes from axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central and apical)
What is 10?
Supreme intercostal artery
19
Pectorlais major
