The Adaptive Immune Response

Question 1

Adaptive immunity

Answer 1

Specificity and memory

Question 2

Specificity

Answer 2

B and T cells are activated depending on their ability to respond to
the current infection

Question 3

Memory

Answer 3

lymphocytes will “recall” their first encounter with a pathogen and
respond rapidly to subsequent encounters

Question 4

Humoral immunity

Answer 4

Mediated by B cells (B lymphocytes)

Question 5

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 5

Involves T cells (T lymphocytes)

Question 6

B-cell receptors

Answer 6

bind free antigens

receptors mature into antibodies

Question 7

T-cell receptors

Answer 7

bind processed antigens presented to them by other cells

help activate other leukocytes

Question 8

B cells

Answer 8

stay in the bone marrow

to mature

Question 9

T cells

Answer 9

mature in the thymus

Question 10

Maturation:

Answer 10

Developing receptors to recognize specific antigens

Question 11

Opsonization

Answer 11

process of coating microorganisms or other particles with specific
antibodies so they are more readily recognized by phagocytes

Question 12

Neutralization

Answer 12

Antibodies coat the surface of microbes or toxins released by
microbes to prevent them from entering cells

Question 13

T-Cell Receptor

Answer 13

Remains on the T cell surface
Does not get released
2 parallel protein chains

Question 14

Antigens

Answer 14

not a normal constituent of the body

Question 15

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 15

permeate all
parts of the body except the CNS,
bone, placenta, and thymus

Question 16

Lymph Nodes

Answer 16

Small organs distributed throughout the lymphatic system, Contain lymphocytes organized into
specific locations

Question 17

Afferent vessels

Answer 17

deliver lymph fluid carrying

antigens and pathogens from tissues.

Question 18

efferent vessel

Answer 18

Cleared lymph exits through

Question 19

Cytotoxic T cells (TC)

Answer 19

destroy foreign or abnormal cells by lysing them

Question 20

T helper cells (TH)

Answer 20

help activate immune responses, including other T and B cells

Question 21

Artificial Passive Immunity

Answer 21

Can be used to replace antibodies in immunodeficient patients, Protection length varies, Person’s immune system is not activated

Question 22

Artificial Active Immunity

Answer 22

deliberately exposing a person to material that is antigenic but not pathogenic

Question 23

inactivated

Answer 23

Killed whole pathogens

Question 24

attenuated

Answer 24

Live, but weakened