Genomes and Chromosomes

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

all of the genetic material in a cell

Question 2

Bacterial chromosome

Answer 2

single, circular loop

Question 3

Plasmids

Answer 3

accessory pieces of DNA beyond the chromosome

Question 4

nucleoid

Answer 4

Bacteria pack their DNA into a series of loops or domains

Question 5

oriC:

Answer 5

Origin of replication

Question 6

ter

Answer 6

End point of replication

Question 7

Primase:

Answer 7

synthesizes an RNA primer

complementary to the DNA sequence

Question 8

DNA polymerase III

Answer 8

adds nucleotides in a 5′ to 3′ direction on each side of the fork
- starts at the RNA primer

Question 9

3’ to 5’

Answer 9

parental strand is continuous

-leading strand, no interruption

Question 10

5’ to 3’

Answer 10

parental strand is discontinuous

-lagging strand, formation of Okazaki fragments

Question 11

Okazaki fragments

Answer 11

stretches of new DNA between each primer

Question 12

DNA polymerase I:

Answer 12

removes RNA primers and replaces with DNA

Question 13

Ribonuclease H

Answer 13

can also remove RNA primers

Question 14

Ligase:

Answer 14

links together the Okazaki fragments of DNA into a single strand

Question 15

Tus proteins

Answer 15

these sites will block replication forks traveling from the opposite direction.