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Microbiology > Cell Structure & Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cell envelope consist of?

A

cell membrane, cell wall, and other layers

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2
Q

What is the coccus morphology?

A

Circular

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3
Q

What is the coccobacillus morphology?

A

cylinder like

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4
Q

What is the vibrio morphology?

A

Bean like

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5
Q

What is the bacillus morphology?

A

Mike & Ike shaped

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6
Q

What is the spirillum morphology?

A

Spiral

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7
Q

What are cells walls made of?

A

Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

What is the structure of the peptidoglycan?

A

Repeating subunits of amino acids and two sugar derivatives: NAG & NAM units

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9
Q

What are the components of the cell wall in a gram-positive cell envelope?

A

multiple layers of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid s-layer, and a capsule

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10
Q

What are the components of the cell wall in a gram-negative cell envelope?

A

thin peptidoglycan layer, an outer membrane, LPS and porins

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11
Q

What are the components of the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

A

O-antigen, Core, and Lipid A

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12
Q

What is the function of the O-antigen region of the LPS

A

induces immune responses

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13
Q

What is the function of the core region of the LPS

A

contributes to negative charge of surface

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14
Q

What is the function of the Lipid A region of the LPS

A

stabilizes outer membrane structure and acts as a toxin (septic shock)

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15
Q

What is the differential stain?

A

distinguishes cells with a Gram-positive

cell wall from those with a Gram-negative cell wall

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16
Q

What are the results of a gram-positive cell from a differential stain?

A

retain primary crystal violet: stain purple

17
Q

What are the results of a gram-negative cell from a differential stain?

A

lose crystal violet: stain red from safranin counterstain

18
Q

What is an acid-fast stain?

A

Differential stain that distinguishes cells that have mycolic acids
in their cell wall from those that don’t

19
Q

What is the result for a cell that is acid-fast?

A

retain primary pink carbolfucshin

20
Q

Non Acid-Fast

A

lose carbolfuchsin: stain blue from methylene blue counterstain

21
Q

What are biofilms?

A

communities of microbes living together in a layer on a solid surface.

22
Q

How is DNA organized?

A

In the nucleoid

23
Q

How are bacteria produced?

A

Through binary fission

24
Q

What is a Monotrichous cell structure?

A

single flagellum at one end

25
Q

What is an Amphitrichous cell structure?

A

flagella at both ends of cell

26
Q

What is a Lophotrichous cell structure?

A

small bunches emerging from the same site

27
Q

What is a Peritrichous cell structure?

A

flagella dispersed over surface of cell

Microbiology (11 decks)

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