Genetic Change and Genome Evolution

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

A change in phenotype due to a change in genotype

Question 2

The Ames Test

Answer 2

Indicator organism is a mutant strain of

Salmonella typhimurium that has lost the ability to synthesize histidine

Question 3

Transformation

Answer 3

DNA fragments from a lysed cell are accepted by a recipient cell

• the genetic code is acquired by the recipient
• donor is alive, does not need to be related

Question 4

Conjugation

Answer 4

transfer of a copy of DNA from one bacterium to another, following cell-to-cell contact.

Question 5

Transduction

Answer 5

Transduction is the process in which bacteriophages carry host DNA from one cell to another.

• occurs accidentally
• recipient must be alive, the donor is dead, related

Question 6

Generalized transduction

Answer 6

can transfer any gene from a donor to a recipient cell

Question 7

Specialized transduction

Answer 7

can transfer only a few closely linked genes between cells