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Microbiology > Gene Expression > Flashcards

Gene Expression Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transcription

A

Copying the information in DNA into a single strand of mRNA

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2
Q

mRNA

A

carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis

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3
Q

tRNA

A

carries in new amino acids based on codon-anticodon pairings

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4
Q

rRNA

A

component of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs

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5
Q

Template Strand

A

DNA strand that is read by the RNA polymerase to make mRNA

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6
Q

Coding Strand:

A

DNA strand that is complementary to the template strand; it will be
the same sequence as the new mRNA transcript

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7
Q

Promoter

A

Recognition and binding sites for RNA polymerase

  • properly orients RNA polymerase on the DNA
  • Leader
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8
Q

Coding region

A

Contains information that will be translated later

*Trailer

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9
Q

Terminator

A

Tells RNA polymerase to stop transcribing

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10
Q

What is the RNA polymerase holoenzyme made up of?

A

Core polymerase and Sigma factor

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11
Q

Core polymerase

A

Required for the elongation phase

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12
Q

Sigma factor

A

Required for the initiation phase, helps detect the promoter

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13
Q

Transcription: Initiation

A

protein that directs core RNA polymerase to the promoter, and stabilizes the initial open bubble of DNA

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14
Q

Transcription: Elongation

A

synthesis of the mRNA strand

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15
Q

Transcription: Termination

A

RNA polymerase

reaches the end of the coding region, and detaches from DNA

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16
Q

Translation

A

Using information carried in the mRNA to make proteins.

17
Q

Leader:

A

Contains regulatory information for translation

18
Q

Shine-Dalgarno

A

Contained within the leader, this is a sequence to help

initiate translation by properly aligning the ribosome on mRNA

19
Q

Start codon

A

AUG, codes for methionine, the first amino acid in a protein

20
Q

Stop codon

A

codes simply for ribosome to stop, not associated with an amino acid

21
Q

Translation: Initiation

A

brings the two ribosomal subunits together, placing the first amino acid in position

22
Q

Translation: Elongation

A

sequentially adds amino acids as directed by mRNA transcript

23
Q

Translation: Termination

A

releases the completed protein and recycles ribosomal subunits

24
Q

Polysomes

A

allows for the synthesis of
many protein molecules simultaneously from the same mRNA
molecule.

25
Q

Gene expression in Prokaryotes

A

Coupling of transcription and translation:

Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously, located in cytoplasm

26
Q

Gene expression in Eukaryotes

A

Translation does not occur

until transcription is complete transcr: nucleus, transla: cytplasm

27
Q

Introns

A

material is removed from RNA

28
Q

Exons

A

material is removed from proteins

Microbiology (11 decks)

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