The Academic World List Flashcards
assessment (n.)
*DEĞERLENDİRME
#Would you say that is a fair assessment of the situation?
#We conduct an annual assessment of the system to determine the need for any safety improvements.
#realistic assessment
==evaluation (syn.)
**assess (v.) = değerlendirmek = evaluate (v.)
#The insurers will need to assess the flood damage.
**reassess (v.) = yeniden değerlendirme
#We need to reassess our values as a nation.
**unassessed (adj.) = değerlendirilmemiş
authority (n.)
*the moral or legal right or ability : YETKİ, OTORİTE
#The United Nations has used/exerted/exercised its authority to restore peace in the area.
#I’ll give my lawyers authority (= permission) to act on my behalf.
#She spoke with authority.
#the health authority.
**the authorities: yetkililer (polis gibi)
#I’m going to report these potholes to the authorities.
**authorize (v.) = yetkilendirmek
# I authorized my bank to pay her £3,000.
**authorization (n.) = yetki, yetkilendirme
consistent (adj.)
*SÜREKLİ =regular=persistent=constant
#There has been a consistent improvement in her attitude.
*TUTARLI =coherent=logical=agreeing
#What the witness said in court was not consistent with the statement he made to the police.
**inconsistent (adj.) = tutarsız
**consistency (n.) = tutarlılık = coherence = cohesion
#It’s important to show some consistency in your work.
**inconsistency (n.) = tutarsızlık = difference
#There are a few inconsistencies in what you’ve written.
**consistently (adv.) = sürekli olarak
#The president has consistently denied the rumours.
**consist of something (v.) = -den oluşmak
#The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans.
constitutional (adj.)
*ANAYASAL, ANAYASAYA UYGUN
#Such a policy would not be constitutional.
#Freedom of speech should be a constitutional right.
**constitutional order (anayasal düzen)
**constitution = ANAYASA
#Britain has no written constitution.
#the Constitution of the United States
**unconstitutional (adj.) =anayasaya aykırı
#Changing the law in this way would be unconstitutional.
**constitute = oluşturmak, teşkil etmek, kurmak
#The president said that these policies constitute a threat to the United States.
**constituted (adj.) = kurulmuş, oluşturulmuş
**constituency (n.) = seçmenler, seçim çevresi
#a rural/urban constituency
#He angered his constituency by voting against the bill.
context (n.)
*BAĞLAM
#in historical context.
#This small battle is very important in the context of Scottish history.
**contextual = bağlamsal
** contextualize = bağlama oturtmak
#We need to contextualize the problem before we can understand its origin.
interpretation (n.)
*YORUM, AÇIKLAMA
#The dispute is based on two widely differing interpretations of the law.
#The rules are vague and open to interpretation.
#It is difficult for many people to accept a literal interpretation of the Bible.
== explanation = understanding
**interpret (v.) = yorumlamak, tercümanlık yapmak
#A jury should not interpret the silence of a defendant as a sign of guilt.
#We had to ask our guide to interpret for us.
**interpretive (adj.) = yorumlayıcı
**misinterpret (v.) = yanlış yorumlamak
**open to interpretation = yoruma açık
derive (v.)
*-den türemek
#The institute derives all its money from foreign investments.
**derived (adj.)= elde edilmiş, türetilmiş
#derived products
**derivative (adj.) = türevsel
#His painting/style is very derivative.
formula (n.)
*FORMÜL
#There’s no magic formula for success.
**formulate (v.) = formüle etmek
#to formulate a new plan
**formulation (n.) = formülasyon
#Einstein’s formulations about gravity and light
administration (n.)
*YÖNETİM = management
#Teachers complain that more of their time is taken up with administration than with teaching.
#by the school administration.
#the Obama administration.
**administrator = yönetici, idareci
**administrate = administer = yönetmek = manage
#The economy has been badly administered by the present government.
aspect (n.)
*YÖN, AÇI, TARAF, GÖRÜNÜŞ
#Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy?
#His illness affects almost every aspect of his life.
#Have you thought about the problem from every aspect?
=view
perceive (v.)
*ALGILAMAK
#How do the French perceive the British?
#Bill perceived a tiny figure in the distance.
**perception (n.) = ALGI
#We have to change the public’s perception that money is being wasted.
#These photographs will affect people’s perceptions of war.
*perceiving (n.) = algılama
assistance (v.)
*YARDIM
#The company needs more financial assistance from the government.
**assist = to help
#The company said it would assist workers in finding new jobs.
**assistant
#an administrative/office assistant
#a sales/shop assistant
**assisted = desteklenmiş
commission (v. n.)
*v. = GÖREVLENDİRMEK
== authorize = delegate task = instruct
#She’s commissioned an artist to paint her portrait.
*n.= KOMİSYON (grup)
#The government has set up/established a commission to investigate the problem of inner-city violence.
**commissioned = görevli, görevlendirilmiş
**commissioner = komiser
**commissioning = görevlendirilme
conduct (v.)
*YÜRÜTMEK, SÜRDÜRMEK, YAPMAK (belirli bir faaliyeti)
#The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York.
#How you choose to conduct your private life is your own business!
*BİRİNİ GÖTÜRMEK
#The protesters were conducted from the courtroom by two police officers.
*MÜZİK PERFORMANSINI YÖNETMEK
#The orchestra was conducted by Mira Shapur.
**Noun = davranış, yönetim
#bad/excellent/disgraceful conduct
**conduct of war = savaşın idaresi
**course of conduct = davranış biçimi
**criminal conduct = suç oluşturan davranış
construction (n.)
*YAPIM, YAPI, İNŞAAT, İNŞA
#The bridge is a marvellous work of engineering and construction.
#This website is currently under construction
==CREATİON=BUİLDİNG=STRUCTURE
**construct (v.) = İNŞA ETMEK
#to construct a new bridge/building
#to construct a story/sentence/argument
**constructing = inşaat, inşa etme
**constructive = YAPICI
#She criticized my writing, but in a way that was very constructive.
#If you don’t have anything constructive to say, it’s better to say nothing.
**reconstruct = yeniden kurmak/yapmak/düzenlemek
#The police tried to reconstruct the crime using the statements of witnesses.
distinction (n.)
*AYRIM, FARK
#This company makes no distinction between the sexes.
==differentiation = difference = discrimination = seperation
*SEÇKİNLİK, ÜRTÜNLÜK
#a writer/scientist/wine of distinction
**distinct (adj.) = farklı, belirgin
#There’s a distinct smell of cigarettes in here.
#The two concepts are quite distinct (from each other).
**distinctly (adv.) = belirgin biçimde, farklı biçimde
#His every word could be heard quite distinctly.
**distinctive (adj.) = farklı, karakteristik, özgün
#She’s got a very distinctive voice.
**indistinct (adj.) = belirsiz
#an indistinct shape/sound
equation (n.)
*EŞİTLİK, DENKLEM
#Managing the economy is a complex equation of controlling inflation and reducing unemployment.
#In the equation 3x - 3 = 15, x = 6.
#There is a tendency in movies to make the equation between violence and excitement.
**equate (v.) = bir tutma, eşit tutma
#People sometimes equate money with happiness.
**equated = ortalama
feature (n.)
*NİTELİK, ÖZELLİK
#The town’s main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.
#Our latest model of phone has several new features.
#Her eyes are her best feature.
==characteristic=aspect=quality=trait
*uzun makale
*V.= özellik taşımak, karakterize etmek
**featured = özellikli, dikkat çeken
**featuring = eşlik eden, düet
**be featured in = (televizyonda vb.) yayınlanmak, tanıtılmak
item (n.)
*MADDE, PARÇA, KALEM
#the last item on the list
#There are three items on the agenda.
**itemize = listelemek
#I always itemize deductions on my income tax.
**itemisation = maddeleme, listeleme
maintenance (n.)
*BAKIM == care
#Old houses need a lot of maintenance.
#There are thorough maintenance checks on each plane before take-off.
*KORUMA ==conservation=preservation
#the maintenance of living standards
*NAFAKA
#He refused to pay maintenance for his three children.
**maintain = sürdürmek, korumak, bakım yapmak, geçindirmek
#We have standards to maintain. (=protect=keep=preserve)
#Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links. (continue=keep=sustain)
#A large house costs a lot to maintain. (care)
#They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children. (=care for = provide for)
**maintained = korunmuş
**maintaining = koruma
relevant (adj.)
*İLGİLİ, ALAKALI
#Education should be relevant to the child’s needs.
#We turned over relevant documents to the investigating team.
**irrelevant = alakasız
**relevance (n.) = ilgi, alaka X irrelevance = alakasızlık
#What relevance does that point have to the discussion?
sought (v3)
*Seek = ARAMAK (fiziksel değil)
#”Are you actively seeking jobs?” she asked.
#Legal advice should be sought before you take any further action.
==explore=investigate=follow=request
**seeking (n.) = arayış, arama
compensation (n.)
*TAZMİNAT
#She received £40,000 in compensation for a lost eye.
#a compensation claim
#entitle compensation
*TELAFİ
#Free food was no compensation for a very boring evening.
*ÜCRET, MAAŞ
#Annual compensation for our executives includes salary, bonus, and other benefits.
**COMPENSATE (v.) = tazmin etmek, telafi etmek
#Nothing will ever compensate for his lost childhood.
**compensatory (adj.) = tazmin edici, telafi edici
**restitute = iade etmek, eski hale getirmek
consent (n.)
*ONAY, RIZA, İZİN == aggreement = concession = approval = compliance = permission = permit
#They can’t publish your name without your consent.
#Patients must be informed of the risks of the surgery and give their informed consent.
#You can withdraw consent at any time if you feel uncomfortable.
#informed consent
# mutual consent
**v. = izin vermek
#The director consented to change the ending of the movie.
**by common consent = most people agree
**consenting (adj.) = rızaya dayalı, rızası olan
#This is a straightforward contract between consenting parties.
**consensus (n.) = FİKİR BİRLİĞİ
#Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let’s take a vote.
considerable (adj.)
*HATRI SAYILIR DERECEDE, ÖNEMLİ, BÜYÜK
#The fire caused considerable damage to the church.
==huge=extensive=astronomical=major=noticeable=substantial=great=significant
**considerably (adv.) = oldukça, önemli derecede
#Technology has advanced considerably since then.
==remarkably=noticeably=substantially=greatly
constant( adj.)
*SÜREKLİ = consistent =persistent = sustained
#He’s in constant trouble with the police.
*SABİT
#The fridge keeps food at a constant temperature.
**constantly (adv.) = sürekli olarak
#He’s constantly changing his mind.
**CONSTANCY = sabitlik, sebat, istikrar, bağlılık
constrain (v.)
*KISITLAMAK, SINIRLAMAK = constrict = inhibit = restrain =curb = confine
#The country’s progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward.
#Rising energy costs are constraining consumer and business spending.
**constraint (n.) = KISITLAMA = pressure = restraint = restriction
#The constraints of politeness wouldn’t allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking.
#Financial constraints on the company are preventing them from employing new staff.
**constraining = zorlama, kısıtlayan
convention (n.)
*KONGRE ==conference = meeting
#the national Democratic convention
#Where are they holding their party convention?
*SÖZLEŞME (devletler arasında) = agreement = protocol
#the Geneva Convention
#a convention on human rights
*GELENEK =practice = tradition = code = law = rule
#In many countries it is the/a convention to wear black at funerals.
**conventional (adj.) = geleneksel
#conventional behaviour/attitudes/clothes
#conventional medicine/farming
**conventionally (adv.) = geleneksel olarak
**convene (v.) = toplamak (insanları toplantı için)
#The prime minister convened (a meeting of) his cabinet to discuss the matter.
core (n.)
*ÖZ (en önemli parça) = basis = bottom line = essence = origin = center
#The lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.
*ÇEKİRDEK
#Don’t throw your apple core on the floor!
#The earth’s core is a hot, molten mix of iron and nickel.
**coring (n.) = çekirdeğini çıkarma
deduction (n.)
*ÇIKARMA, DÜŞME (miktar olarak)
#The interest I receive on my savings account is paid after the deduction of tax.
*KESİNTİ
#After deductions, his taxable income is $30,000.
*ÇIKARIM, TÜMDENGELİM
#Through a process of deduction, the detectives discovered the identity of the killer.
#All we can do is make deductions from the available facts.
**deduce (v.) = çıkarım yapmak, sonuç çıkarmak
#We cannot deduce very much from these figures.
framework (n.)
*ÇERÇEVE, YAPI İSKELETİ (kurallar ve fikirler açısından)
#a legal framework for resolving disputes
**determine the framework = çerçeveyi belirlemek
**within this framework = bu çerçevede/kapsamda
**legal framework = yasal çerçeve
**framework agreement = çerçeve anlaşma
**frame = çerçeve, yapı
exclude (v.)
*ÇIKARMAK, DIŞLAMAK, UZAKLAŞTIRMAK, HARİÇ TUTMAK
#Women are still excluded from the club.
#Microbes must, as far as possible, be excluded from the room during an operation.
#Tom has been excluded from school for bad behaviour.
#The price excludes local taxes.
#exclude them from society
**exclusion (n.) = çıkarılma
#Her exclusion from the invitation list was a mistake.
**exclusion zone = yasak bölge
**exclusive (adj.) = özel, seçkin
#This room is for the exclusive use of guests.
# #an exclusive private club
**exclusively (adv.) = sadece, yalnızca, münhasıran
#an exclusively female audience
**exclusionist (n.) = dışlayıcı, tekelci
**exclusionary (adj.) = münhasır, dışlayıcı, ayrımcı, hariç tutan
X include (v.) = dahil etmek, katmak, içermek
**inclusive (adj.) = kasayıcı, içine alan
**inclusion (n.) = içerme, kapsama
imply (v.)
*İMA ETMEK
#I’m not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?
*İÇERMEK (anlamına gelmek)
#Socialism implies equality.
**implied (adj.) = imalı
#I detected an implied criticism of the way he was treated.
**implication (n.) = İMA, ETKİ
#The implication was that the workers and management had already reached an agreement.
#What are the implications of the new law?
**as the name implies = adından da anlaşılacağı gibi
#Variable rate loans, as the name implies, have a variable interest rate.
initial (adj., n.)
*İLK = beginning = primary = introductory
#Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.
*BAŞ HARF
#They carved their initials into a tree.
**initially (adv.) = başlangıçta, ilk olarak
#The ceremony, initially planned for this month, was postponed.
**initial offer = başlangıç teklifi
instance (n., v.)
*ÖRNEK (meydana gelen bir durumun örneği)
#I don’t usually side with the management, but in this instance, I agree with what they’re saying.
==case=situation=example=occasion=particular
*ÖRNEK VERMEK
#She argued the need for legal reform and instanced several recent cases with grossly unfair verdicts.
interaction (n.)
*ETKİLEŞİM
#Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction.
**interaction with sb. =
#We select employees who will be good at face-to-face interaction with customers.
**interaction between sb. and sb.=
#There’s not enough interaction between the management and the workers.
**consumer interaction =
#Each customer interaction is an opportunity to create a good impression.
**İNTERACT (v.) = etkileşim kurmak, etkileşime girmek
#It’s interesting at parties to see how people interact socially.
#We are studying how these two chemicals interact.
**interactive (adj.) = etkileşimli
#interactive teaching methods
#an interactive game/video
**interactively (adv.) = karşılıklı
#Players go online simultaneously and play interactively in a virtual world.
justification (n.)
*GEREKÇE (haklı, iyi), gerekçelendirme = reason = excuse = explanation
#There is no justification for treating people so badly.
**compelling justification = haklı/zorlayıcı gerekçe
**justify (v.) = haklı gerekçe göstermek, savunmak
#I can’t really justify taking another day off work.
#Are you sure that these measures are justified?
#It was the only thing that I could do - I don’t have to justify myself to anyone.
**justified (adj.) = *justifiable = haklı
#I accept that the criticism is completely justified.
#Her actions were quite justifiable in the circumstances.
**justifiably (adv.) = haklı olarak
#People are justifiably angry.
**unjustified (adj.) = haksız
#The defendant had supreme and, as it turned out, unjustified confidence in his own judgment.
layer (n.)
*TABAKA
#the ozone layer
#There was a thin layer of oil on the surface of the water.
#thick layer X thin layer
*KATMAN (insan)
#We’ve cut the number of management layers from five to three.
**layered = katmanlı
proportion (n.)
*BÖLÜM
#The report shows that poor families spend a larger proportion of their income on food.
*ORAN
#The proportion of women to men at my college was about five to one.
*ORANTILI = in proportion X out of proportion (orantısız)
#Your legs are very much in proportion to (= the right size for) the rest of your body.
#My head was much nearer the camera than the rest of me so I’m all out of proportion.
**proportional (adj.) = **proportionate (adj.) = ORANTILI
#Weight is proportional to size.
**proportionally (adv.) = oransal olarak
#Unemployment is proportionally much higher in the north of the country.
**disproportion (n.) = orantısızlık
#The disproportion between the number of votes and the number of seats is apparent.
**disproportionate (adj.) = orantısız, dengesiz, aşırı
register (v., n)
*KAYIT YAPTIRMAK, KAYDETMEK, KAYDETTİRMEK =enter in list = record = enroll = sign up
#I registered the car in my name.
#The earthquake was too small to register on the Richter scale.
*KAYIT, SİCİL, LİSTE
#Guests write their names in the (hotel) register.
#Is your name on the register of voters?
#criminal registers
#registers of birth
**registered (adj.) = kayıtlı, tescilli
#a registered nurse/charity/trademark
**registration (n.) = kayıt, plaka
#voter registration
#Police are looking for a small blue car with the registration number B34-ACS.
**deregister = kayıt silmek
reliance (n.)
*GÜVEN, BEL BAĞLAMA = dependence = confidence
#The region’s reliance on tourism is unwise.
**reliant (adj.) = bağımlı, güvenen, bel bağlayan
**rely (n.) = güvenmek, dayanmak
#The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.
#I rely on you for good advice.
**reliable (adj.) = güvenilir
#reliable information
**reliably (adv.) = güvenilir şekilde
#I am reliably informed that you have been talking about resigning from the company.
**unreliable (adj.) = güvenilmez
#unreliable evidence
**reliability (n.) = güvenilirlik
#Rolls-Royce cars are famous for their quality and reliability.
scheme (n.,v.)
*PLAN = blueprint = arrangement = plan = project
#a training/housing/play scheme
#a pension/savings scheme
*ENTRİKA ÇEVİRMEK
#All her assistants were scheming against her.
**schematic (adj.) = şematik
#a schematic diagram/outline
*schematically (adv.) = şematik olarak
#Those objectives can be arranged schematically.
**in the great scheme of things = büyük resimde, büyük resme bakarsak
sequence (n.,v.)
*DİZİ, SIRA, SİLSİLE, DİZİLİŞ
#The first chapter describes the strange sequence of events that led to his death.
#Is there a particular sequence in which you have to perform these tasks?
#RNA sequence
*SEKANS
#The movie’s opening sequence is of a very unpleasant murder.
*SIRALAMAK
#They discussed how to sequence the steps in the plan.
specify (v.)
*BELİRTMEK
#The newspaper report did not specify how the men were killed.
#He said we should meet but didn’t specify a time.
**specifiable = belirlenebilir
**specified = belirtilen, belirlenmiş
**unspecified = belirtilmemiş, belirsiz
**specifying = belirtme
**specific = belirli
commitment (n.)
*TAAHHÜT = obligation = engagement
#Can you give a commitment that the money will be made available?
*BAĞLILIK = dependence = adherence = engagement
#I’d like to thank the staff for having shown such commitment.
*SORUMLULUK = responsibility
#Having a dog is a big commitment.
**COMMİT (v.) =
işlemek (suç vb.) = act = carry out = perform = execute
#to commit adultery/murder
#to commit an offence (suç işlemek)
adamak = dedicate = devote
#Like so many men, he has problems committing himself to a relationship.
hapse atılmak = be imprisoned
#He was committed to prison for fraud.
**commit suicide = intihar etmek
cycle (n.,v.)
*BİSİKLET
#A thousand people took part in the region’s biggest-ever cycle race.
*DÖNGÜ = course = period = series = era
#the life cycle of a moth
*BİSİTKLETLE GİTMEK
#Most of the kids cycle or walk to school.
**cyclic (adj.) = **cyclical = döngüsel
#Cyclic changes in a star’s position can reveal bodies that are orbiting it.
#Changes in the economy have followed a cyclical pattern.
**recycle = geri dönüştürmek
dimension (n.)
*BOYUT (büyüklük, ebat)
#Please specify the dimensions (= the height, length and width) of the room.
#a building of vast dimensions
*BOYUT (soyut anlamda)
#His personality has several dimensions.
#These weapons add a new dimension to modern warfare.
**dimensional (adj.) = boyutlu, boyutsal
#a three-dimensional figure
#The project was a challenge because of the dimensional limitations of the space.
#I would say all the characters are strong, dimensional, fully-imagined women.
**multidimensional (adj.) = çok boyutlu
#Crime is a multidimensional problem.
granted (conj.)
*KABUL ETMEK GEREKİRSE/GEREKİR Kİ
#Granted that the story’s true, there’s not a lot you can do about it.
*GRANT =
v.»burs, bağış
#a student/research grant // a local authority/government grant
n.»izin vermek, kabul etmek, onaylamak, hakkı vermek
#He was granted asylum.
#They granted her an entry visa.
#She granted their request/wish.
**take (sth ,sb) for granted = kanıksamak, doğal karşılamak, hafife almak
#I didn’t realize that Melanie hadn’t been to college - I suppose I just took it for granted.
#One of the problems with relationships is that after a while you just take each other for granted.
