List 6 - The Story of Silk

Question 1

shell (v.)

Answer 1

kabuk

cocoon = koza
#the cocoons - soft protective shells

silkworm = ipekböceği
mulberry = dut

Question 2

destruction (n.)

Answer 2

tahribat, yıkım
#She discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry trees.

Question 3

sip. (v.)

Answer 3

yudumlamak
#It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea,

Question 4

It just so happened that

Answer 4

tesadüfe bakın ki. (şans eseri denk gelen şeyleri anlatır.)

Question 5

land in (v.)

Answer 5

düşmek, boylamak, kendini bir durumun içinde bulmak.
#one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.

(Synonyms = drop, fall, fall down)

*landed = arazi sahibi
*land = arazi, kara, toprak, ülke
*land = yerleştirmek, indirmek, karaya çıkarmak

Question 6

unravel (v.)

Answer 6

*çözmek, çözülmek, sökmek, sökülmek(elbise, ip vs.)
#one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.

*çözmek(zor bir şeyi)
#We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics.

*aydınlatmak, deşifre etmek, ortaya çıkarmak
#As talks between the leaders broke down, several months of careful diplomacy were unravelled.

Question 7

thread (n.)

Answer 7

= FİBRE

iplik, lif, tel

Question 8

persuade (v.)

Answer 8

ikna etmek
#she persuaded her
husband to allow her to rear silkworms
on a grove of mulberry trees

Question 9

wind (v.)

Answer 9

= WRAP

sarmak, dolamak
#Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers.

Question 10

Rear

Answer 10

to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees.

Adj. = arka, geri
Verb = yetiştirmek, kaldırmak, yükseltmek

Question 11

grove (n.)

Answer 11

*a small wood or other group of trees= koru, ağaçlık
#an olive grove
#a grove of mulberry trees

Question 12

devise

Answer 12

v. = tasarlamak, bulmak, icat etmek
#She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric.

n. = vasiyet, varis

Question 13

reel (n.)

Answer 13

makara, bobin

#a cotton reel

Question 14

weave

Answer 14

dokumak, dokuma, örmek

**be woven = dokunmuş, dokuma

**fabric = kumaş, dokuma

Question 15

cultivation (n.)

Answer 15

yetiştirme, tarım, toprağı işleme
#It is certainly known that silk cultivation has existed in China for several millennia.

cultivate = ekip biçmek, yetiştirmek

Question 16

entitle (v.)

Answer 16

1) isimlendirmek

2) hak tanımak
#Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk.

Question 17

peasant (n.)

Answer 17

köylü
==villager=countryman

# even peasants, the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear silk.

Question 18

grain (n.)

Answer 18

tahıl, tane
#Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and fanners paid their taxes in grain and silk.

Question 19

emperor (n.)

Answer 19

a sovereign ruler of an empire. = imparator
#he became emperor in 1930.

*imperial = imparatorluk

Question 20

fishing-line (n.)

Answer 20

olta

Question 21

lucrative (adj.)

Answer 21

producing a great deal of profit = KAZANÇLI, KARLI
#a lucrative career as a stand-up comedian
#Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route.

Question 22

route (n.)

Answer 22

rota

Question 23

westward (adj,adv)

Answer 23

BATIYA DOĞRU, BATIYA
#the journey covers eight time zones in a westward direction
#Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver

Question 24

1) merchandise (n.)
2) merchant (n.)

Answer 24

1) mal, ürün
==commodity=product=material

2) tüccar
== tradesmen=broker=seller=trader
#Few merchants travelled the entire route

Question 25

ship (v.)

Answer 25

mal yüklemek, nakletmek

*be shipped = gemiye yüklenmek, sevkedilmek

#the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 26

1) sole (adj.)
2) solely (adv.)

Answer 26

1) tek, yegane
#world’s sole producer of silk
2) sadece, yalnız
#Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women

Question 27

smuggle (v.)

Answer 27

move (goods) illegally into or out of a country.
= kaçakçılık yapmak, kaçırmak

#monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople
#he’s been smuggling cigarettes from Gibraltar into Spain

Question 28

conceal (v.)

Answer 28

GİZLEMEK, SAKLAMAK
==HİDE=COVER=KEEP=SECRETE

concealed = gizlenen, saklı
#concealed inside hollow(oyuk,çukur) bamboo walking canes(bambu,sopa).

Question 29

secretive (adj.)

Answer 29

ağzı sıkı, gizemli, ketum
#The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese

Question 30

monopoly (n.)

Answer 30

tekel, tek satıcı
#the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly.

Question 31

capture (v.)

Answer 31

esir almak, ele geçirmek, yakalamak
#Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process.

Question 32

sweep (v.)

Answer 32

süpürmek, sürüklemek
#Silk production thus spread through Africa, Sicily and Spain as the Arabs swept through these lands.

swept=swept

(n.=süpürme, tarama)

Question 33

settle (v.)

Answer 33

*yerleşmek:
#After they got married, they settled in Brooklyn.
#Venetian merchants traded extensively in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Italy
#A peaceful expression settled on her face.

*ödemek:
#Please settle your account/bill without further delay.

*anlaşmak, halletmek, çözmek:
#Good, that’s all settled - you send out the invitations for the party, and I’ll organize the food.
#The details of the contract have not yet been settled.

Question 34

esteemed (adj.)

Answer 34

SAYGIN, İTİBARLI
==reputable=honourable=respectable=reputed=notable

#Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.

Question 35

reputation (n.)

Answer 35

ün, itibar

Question 36

downfall (n.)

Answer 36

*(something that causes) the usually sudden destruction of a person, organization, or government and their loss of power, money, or health: DÜŞME, DÜŞÜŞ, ÇÖKME, ÇÖKÜŞ
#The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk industry.

Question 37

faciliitate

Answer 37

kolaylaştırmak, rahatlatmak
#Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving(yönlendiren) the trend.

Question 38

interrupt (v.)

Answer 38

kesmek, yarıda kesmek
#She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting her.
#We had to interrupt our trip when we heard John’s mother had had an accident.
#The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry.

Question 39

raw (n.)

Answer 39

ÇİĞ - raw fish
HAM - raw silk.
YARA== wound=injury

Question 40

stifle (v.)

Answer 40

*to (cause to) be unable to breathe because you have no air: BOĞMAK
#He is said to have stifled his victim with a pillow.
#We almost stifled in the heat of the city.

*to prevent something from happening, being expressed, or continuing: BASTIRMAK, TIKAMAK, TUTMAK
#I don’t know how I managed to stifle my anger.
#The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry.

(Synonyms = strangle=curb=choke)

Question 41

recapture (v.)

Answer 41

yeniden ele geçirmek
#The army recaptured the town from the rebels.
#The film successfully recaptures the joyful style of the 1940s Hollywood musical.
#However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world’s biggest producer and exporter of raw
silk and silk yarn.

Question 42

yarn (n.)

Answer 42

*İPLİK = thread
silk yarn
*MASAL = fairy tail, fabel

Question 43

utilitize (v.)

Answer 43

kullanmak, faydalanmak
#The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body.

Question 44

handle (v.)

Answer 44

*idare etmek:
#I thought he handled the situation very well.

*başa çıkmak:
#Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how to handle (= behave with) other people.

*halletmek, becermek:
#If you can’t handle the job I’ll get someone else to do it.
Who handles the marketing in your company?

*yürütmek:
#Who handles the marketing in your company?

*tutmak, ellemek:
#Always wash your hands before handling food.

*ele almak, ilgilenmek:
#Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen

==>noun= tutacak, kulp

Question 45

pull out (v.)

Answer 45

*çıkmak (araba):
#A car pulled right out in front of me.

*çekilmek (aktivite/anlaşmadan, askerin çekilmesi):
#He pulled out of the deal at the last moment.
#They’ve pulled all their athletes out of the competition.

*çekip çıkarmak, dışarı çekmek:
#emperor’s wife invented a reel to pull out silk fibres.