List 6 - The Story of Silk Flashcards
shell (v.)
kabuk
cocoon = koza
#the cocoons - soft protective shells
silkworm = ipekböceği
mulberry = dut
destruction (n.)
tahribat, yıkım
#She discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry trees.
sip. (v.)
yudumlamak
#It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea,
It just so happened that
tesadüfe bakın ki. (şans eseri denk gelen şeyleri anlatır.)
land in (v.)
düşmek, boylamak, kendini bir durumun içinde bulmak.
#one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.
(Synonyms = drop, fall, fall down)
*landed = arazi sahibi
*land = arazi, kara, toprak, ülke
*land = yerleştirmek, indirmek, karaya çıkarmak
unravel (v.)
*çözmek, çözülmek, sökmek, sökülmek(elbise, ip vs.)
#one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.
*çözmek(zor bir şeyi)
#We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics.
*aydınlatmak, deşifre etmek, ortaya çıkarmak
#As talks between the leaders broke down, several months of careful diplomacy were unravelled.
thread (n.)
= FİBRE
iplik, lif, tel
persuade (v.)
ikna etmek
#she persuaded her
husband to allow her to rear silkworms
on a grove of mulberry trees
wind (v.)
= WRAP
sarmak, dolamak
#Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers.
Rear
to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees.
Adj. = arka, geri
Verb = yetiştirmek, kaldırmak, yükseltmek
grove (n.)
*a small wood or other group of trees= koru, ağaçlık
#an olive grove
#a grove of mulberry trees
devise
v. = tasarlamak, bulmak, icat etmek
#She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric.
n. = vasiyet, varis
reel (n.)
makara, bobin
#a cotton reel
weave
dokumak, dokuma, örmek
**be woven = dokunmuş, dokuma
**fabric = kumaş, dokuma
cultivation (n.)
yetiştirme, tarım, toprağı işleme
#It is certainly known that silk cultivation has existed in China for several millennia.
cultivate = ekip biçmek, yetiştirmek
entitle (v.)
1) isimlendirmek
2) hak tanımak
#Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk.
peasant (n.)
köylü
==villager=countryman
# even peasants, the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear silk.
grain (n.)
tahıl, tane
#Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and fanners paid their taxes in grain and silk.
emperor (n.)
a sovereign ruler of an empire. = imparator
#he became emperor in 1930.
*imperial = imparatorluk
fishing-line (n.)
olta
lucrative (adj.)
producing a great deal of profit = KAZANÇLI, KARLI
#a lucrative career as a stand-up comedian
#Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route.
route (n.)
rota
westward (adj,adv)
BATIYA DOĞRU, BATIYA
#the journey covers eight time zones in a westward direction
#Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver
1) merchandise (n.)
2) merchant (n.)
1) mal, ürün
==commodity=product=material
2) tüccar
== tradesmen=broker=seller=trader
#Few merchants travelled the entire route
ship (v.)
mal yüklemek, nakletmek
*be shipped = gemiye yüklenmek, sevkedilmek
#the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Sea.
1) sole (adj.)
2) solely (adv.)
1) tek, yegane
#world’s sole producer of silk
2) sadece, yalnız
#Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women
smuggle (v.)
move (goods) illegally into or out of a country.
= kaçakçılık yapmak, kaçırmak
#monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople
#he’s been smuggling cigarettes from Gibraltar into Spain
conceal (v.)
GİZLEMEK, SAKLAMAK
==HİDE=COVER=KEEP=SECRETE
concealed = gizlenen, saklı
#concealed inside hollow(oyuk,çukur) bamboo walking canes(bambu,sopa).
secretive (adj.)
ağzı sıkı, gizemli, ketum
#The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese
monopoly (n.)
tekel, tek satıcı
#the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly.
capture (v.)
esir almak, ele geçirmek, yakalamak
#Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process.
sweep (v.)
süpürmek, sürüklemek
#Silk production thus spread through Africa, Sicily and Spain as the Arabs swept through these lands.
swept=swept
(n.=süpürme, tarama)
settle (v.)
*yerleşmek:
#After they got married, they settled in Brooklyn.
#Venetian merchants traded extensively in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Italy
#A peaceful expression settled on her face.
*ödemek:
#Please settle your account/bill without further delay.
*anlaşmak, halletmek, çözmek:
#Good, that’s all settled - you send out the invitations for the party, and I’ll organize the food.
#The details of the contract have not yet been settled.
esteemed (adj.)
SAYGIN, İTİBARLI
==reputable=honourable=respectable=reputed=notable
#Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.
reputation (n.)
ün, itibar
downfall (n.)
*(something that causes) the usually sudden destruction of a person, organization, or government and their loss of power, money, or health: DÜŞME, DÜŞÜŞ, ÇÖKME, ÇÖKÜŞ
#The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk industry.
faciliitate
kolaylaştırmak, rahatlatmak
#Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving(yönlendiren) the trend.
interrupt (v.)
kesmek, yarıda kesmek
#She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting her.
#We had to interrupt our trip when we heard John’s mother had had an accident.
#The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry.
raw (n.)
ÇİĞ - raw fish
HAM - raw silk.
YARA== wound=injury
stifle (v.)
*to (cause to) be unable to breathe because you have no air: BOĞMAK
#He is said to have stifled his victim with a pillow.
#We almost stifled in the heat of the city.
*to prevent something from happening, being expressed, or continuing: BASTIRMAK, TIKAMAK, TUTMAK
#I don’t know how I managed to stifle my anger.
#The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry.
(Synonyms = strangle=curb=choke)
recapture (v.)
yeniden ele geçirmek
#The army recaptured the town from the rebels.
#The film successfully recaptures the joyful style of the 1940s Hollywood musical.
#However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world’s biggest producer and exporter of raw
silk and silk yarn.
yarn (n.)
*İPLİK = thread
silk yarn
*MASAL = fairy tail, fabel
utilitize (v.)
kullanmak, faydalanmak
#The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body.
handle (v.)
*idare etmek:
#I thought he handled the situation very well.
*başa çıkmak:
#Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how to handle (= behave with) other people.
*halletmek, becermek:
#If you can’t handle the job I’ll get someone else to do it.
Who handles the marketing in your company?
*yürütmek:
#Who handles the marketing in your company?
*tutmak, ellemek:
#Always wash your hands before handling food.
*ele almak, ilgilenmek:
#Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen
==>noun= tutacak, kulp
pull out (v.)
*çıkmak (araba):
#A car pulled right out in front of me.
*çekilmek (aktivite/anlaşmadan, askerin çekilmesi):
#He pulled out of the deal at the last moment.
#They’ve pulled all their athletes out of the competition.
*çekip çıkarmak, dışarı çekmek:
#emperor’s wife invented a reel to pull out silk fibres.
