List 7 - Great Migrations

Question 1

loosely (adv.)

Answer 1

gevşekçe, genel hatlarıyla, yaklaşık olarak
#It can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular intervals.

(loose = gevşek)

Question 2

regularly (adv.)

Answer 2

düzenli olarak, devamlı olarak, sürekli

(regular = düzenli, düzen, kural)

*regular intervals = düzenli aralıklarla

Question 3

interval (n.)

Answer 3

*aralık, zaman
#We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a month.

*uzaklık, mesafe
#The plants should be spaced at six-inch intervals.

Question 4

annual (adj.)

Answer 4

senelik
#an annual cycle

Question 5

involve (v.)

Answer 5

kapsamak, içermek
#that may involve many members of a species.

**involved = ilgili, alakalı, kapsayan
**get involved in = bulaşmak, dahil olmak, katılmak

Question 6

instinct (n.)

Answer 6

*the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it: İÇGÜDÜ, SEZGİ
#All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait for help.
#Her first instinct was to run.
#It is instinct that tells the birds when to begin their migration.
#It suggests inherited instinct.

(İNSTİCTİVE = İÇGÜDÜSEL)
(İNTUİTİON =SEZGİ, ÖNSEZİ, İÇİNE DOĞMA)

Question 7

prolong (v.)

Answer 7

*to make something last a longer time: UZATMAK, DEVAM ETTİRMEK
#We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong our stay by another week.
#They are prolonged movements that carry animals outside familiar habitats; they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy

Question 8

linear (adj.)

Answer 8

doğrusal, çizgisel

Question 9

concerning

Answer 9

*prep. = about: HAKKINDA, İLİŞKİN=regarding=relevant to
#I’ve had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments.
#they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding) and arrival;

*adj. = making you feel slightly worried: ENİŞE VERİCİ
#The increase in crime in the area is very concerning.

Question 10

allocation (n.)

Answer 10

tahsis, ödenek, paylaştırma, bölüştürme

#they demand special allocations of energy
#the allocation of resources/funds/time
#Allocation of the grants was handled by a charity that provides support and advocacy for disabled children.

(allocate = tahsis etmek, bölüştürmek)

Question 11

maintain (v.)

Answer 11

*to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to become less: SÜRDÜRMEK, KORUMAK:
#We have standards to maintain.
#The film has maintained its position as the critics’ favourite for another year.
#Migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission,

*to keep a road, machine, building, etc. in good condition: BAKMAK
#A large house costs a lot to maintain.
#The roads in the town have been very poorly maintained.

*to provide someone with food and whatever is necessary for them to live on: GEÇİNDİRMEK
#They barely(zar zor) earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children.

Question 12

attentiveness(n.)

Answer 12

the fact of paying attention and listening carefully: DİKKATLİLİK, DİKKAT
#She brings a scholar’s attentiveness to detail to her job.
#The pianist was extraordinary, as you could see by the attentiveness of her audience.
#migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission.

(ATTENTİON=CAUTİON=CARE=CAREFULNESS=DİKKAT)

Question 13

distract (v.)

Answer 13

DİKKAT DAĞITMAK, RAHATSİZ ETMEK
#Don’t distract her (from her studies).

**distracted = dikkati dağılmış, şaşırmış, şaşkına dönmüş

**undistracted = dikkati dağılmamış
#which keeps them undistracted by temptations

**distraction = dikkatin dağılması, çılgınlık
#The arctic tern resists distraction.

Question 14

temptation (n.)

Answer 14

CAZİBE:
#As a young actress, she resisted the temptation to move to Hollywood.

CEZBEDİCİLİK:
#He knew it was wrong to steal, but the money just lying there was too great a temptation.

Question 15

undeterred (adj.)

Answer 15

*kararlı, azimli, aldırmayan
==DETERMİNED=DECİDED

(deter = caydırmak, vazgeçirmek)
(deterred = engellenmiş)
(determine = azmetmek, kararlaştırmak)
(determining = belirleyen, belirme)

Question 16

aside (adj.,adv.)

Answer 16

bir yana, ayrı
#Stand aside, please, and let these people pass.
#that would turn other animals aside

Question 17

arctic (adj.)

Answer 17

kutupsal, kuzey kutup bölgesi/yle ilgili
#An arctic tern(sumru)

Question 18

handout (n.)

Answer 18

sadaka, bağış == charity
#While local gulls will dive voraciously(açgözlüce) for such handouts, the tern flies on. Why?

Question 19

resist (v.)

Answer 19

direnmek, karşı koymak
#The arctic tern resists distraction because it is driven
at that moment by an instinctive sense of something we humans find admirable: larger purpose.

Question 20

mate (v.)

Answer 20

evlenmek, çiftleşmek
#The bird senses that it can eat, rest and mate later.

> > noun = eş, mat

Question 21

divide (v.)

Answer 21

bölmek

divided = bölünmüş
undivided = bütün, bölünmemiş

#Right now it is totally focused on
the journey; its undivided intent is arrival.

Question 22

intent (n.)

Answer 22

niyet, maksat == intention
#its undivided intent is arrival.

> > intentional = kasti, kasıtlı

Question 23

gravely (adv.)

Answer 23

*usulca == silently
*ağırbaşlılıkla

*ağır/ciddi şekilde (yaralanmak v.b)
== seriously=severely=greatly=hard

Question 24

converge (v.)

Answer 24

*If lines, roads, or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet: BİR NOKTADA BİRLEŞMEEK
#The paths all converge at the main gate of the park.
#100,000 people are expected to converge on the town for the festival.

Question 25

offspring (n.)

Answer 25

YAVRU, EVLAT

#finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch(yumurtadan çıkmak) and rear offspring.

Question 26

terrestrial (adj.)

Answer 26

karasal, karada yaşayan
#other large terrestrial mammals.

Question 27

back-and-forth (adv.)

Answer 27

ileri geri, rastgele
#Generally the reason for such seasonal back-and-forth movement is to seek resources

Question 28

upward

Answer 28

yukarıya doğru giden, yüksele
X downword

#But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean - upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators - can also be considered migration.

**onword = ilerleyen, ileri doğru

Question 29

predator (n.)

Answer 29

yırtıcı hayvan

Question 30

deplete (v.)

Answer 30

to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc.: TÜKETMEK, AZALTMAK
#If we continue to deplete the earth’s natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
#The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.

== diminish = decrease = reduce = empty

Question 31

cite (v.)

Answer 31

aktarmak, anmak, bahsetmek, atıfta bulunmak
#The lawyer cited two similar cases.
#His definition is more intricate than Berger’s, citing those five features that distinguish migration from other forms of movement.

=indicate =mention =refer to

Question 32

takeoff (n.)

Answer 32

kalkış, havalanma
#when it’s time for takeoff on their
big journey
#Night takeoffs and landings are banned at this airport.

**take off (v.) = fly
#The plane took off at 8.30 a.m.

Question 33

reflect (v.)

Answer 33

*YANSIMAK: == echo=mirror=reverse
#The light reflected off the surface of the water.

*to show, express, or be a sign of something: YANSITMAK
== display==express==indicatee
#The statistics reflect a change in people’s spending habits.

*to think carefully, especially about possibilities and opinions: DÜŞÜNMEK ==consider
#The manager demanded time to reflect (on what to do).

Question 34

tender

Answer 34

*teklif, ihale

*sunmak, teklif etmek

*hassas, yumuşak

Question 35

appropriate

Answer 35

*adj. = uygun, münasip ==convinient=suitable
#Is this film appropriate for small children?

*verb= el koymak ==steal
#He lost his job when he was found to have appropriated some of the company’s money.

*verb= to take something from a culture and use it as part of your own: benimsemek
#As the empire expanded, they eagerly appropriated the artistic styles of neigbouring provinces.

*verb=to keep an amount of money to use for a particular purpose: ayırmak (kenara para) ==allocate
#The government have appropriated millions of pounds for the project.

Question 36

fatten (v.)

Answer 36

şişmanlatmak

Question 37

narrow

Answer 37

*DAR
#a narrow bridge/passage/gap
#follows a narrow route

*DARALTMAK
#The road narrows after the bridge.
#He narrowed his eyes in suspicion.
#Senate leaders met again to try to narrow the budget deficit.

Question 38

blow (v.)

Answer 38

*esmek
#The wind was blowing harder every minute.

*üflemek
Ann blew a few notes on the trumpet.

Question 39

notable (adj.)

Answer 39

*göze çarpan, dikkat çekici, kayda/dikkate değer
#a notable collection of rare plants
#These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks.

*an important or famous person: önemli, ünlü, öne çıkan
#Other notables among his pupils were the kings of Saudi Arabia and Thailand.

Question 40

variance X invariance

Answer 40

değişiklik, değişim X değişmezlik =costancy

#invariance of their migration route

invariant = değişmez, değişmeyen

Question 41

severity (n.)

Answer 41

şiddet, ağırlık, ciddiyet
#Even the doctors were shocked by the severity of his injuries.

Question 42

constriction (n.)

Answer 42

*DARALMA,DARALTMA
#He felt a constriction in his chest.
##the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks.

*KISITLAMA
#The constrictions of prison life were inhuman.

Question 43

bottleneck (n.)

Answer 43

*a place where a road becomes narrow, or a place where there is often a lot of traffic, causing the traffic to slow down or stop:
#The construction work is causing bottlenecks in the city centre.

*a problem that delays progress:
#Is there any way of getting around this bureaucratic bottleneck?

Question 44

bounty (n.)

Answer 44

*money paid as a reward: ÖDÜL, HEDİYE
#A bounty of $10,000 has been offered for the capture of his murderer.

*great kindness or willingness to give: CÖMERTLİK, LÜTUF, NİMET
#The charity is totally dependent on the Church’s bounty.
#they can’t reach their bounty of summer grazing.

Question 45

graze (v.)

Answer 45

*SIYIRMAK
#He fell down and grazed his knee.
#The aircraft’s landing gear grazed the treetops as it landed.

*OTLAMAK, OTLATMAK
#The cows were grazing.
#The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months.

**GRAZİNG = otlak, otlatma

Question 46

plain

Answer 46

*noun = OVA
#down onto the plains

*adj.= SADE,YALIN
#She wore a plain black dress.
#plain yogurt (= with no added fruit or sugar)

Question 47

overwinter(v.)

Answer 47

kışı geçirmek
#they are likely to die trying to overwinter in the deep snow.

Question 48

vision (n.)

Answer 48

görüş, görme, vizyon
#a person of great artistic vision
#She has very little vision in her left eye.
#Johnny was late home and, as usual, I had visions of him lying dead in some alley.
#Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, traverse high, open shoulders
of land, where they can see and run.

Question 49

choke (v.)

Answer 49

*If you choke, or if something chokes you, you stop breathing because something is blocking your throat: BOĞMAK, BOĞULMAK
#She choked to death on a fish bone.
#Children can choke on peanuts.
#Peanuts can choke a small child.

*to fill something such as a road or pipe, so that nothing can pass through: TIKAMAK
#At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic.
#Increasing development is leading toward a crisis for the pronghorn, threatening to choke off their passageway

Question 50

jurisdiction (n.)

Answer 50

yargı, hükümet, yetki
yargı alanı, yetki alanı
#And with certain other migrating species, the challenge is complicated further - by vastly greater distances traversed, more jurisdictions, more borders, more dangers along the way.

Question 51

resolute (adj.)

Answer 51

*determined in character, action, or ideas = kararlı =undeterred
#She’s utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize.

**resoluteness = kararlılık, azim, sebat
#We will require wisdom and resoluteness to ensure that migrating species can continue their journeying a while longer.

Question 52

require (v.)

Answer 52

*to need something or make something necessary: GEREK DUYMAK, İHTİYAÇ OLMAK
#Please call this number if you require any further information.
#Skiing at 80 miles per hour requires total concentration.
#Bringing up children often requires you to put their needs first.
#You are required by law to stop your car after an accident.
#The rules require that you bring only one guest to the dinner.
#We will require wisdom and resoluteness to ensure that migrating species can continue their journeying a while longer.