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BIO 40C > Textbook System - Digestive System > Flashcards

Textbook System - Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following are part of the digestive system, but are not part of the alimentary canal?
- A) duodenum, jejunum, ileum
- B) stomach, esophagus, pharynx
- C) liver, pancreas, gallbladder
- D) mouth, pharynx, rectum

A

C) liver, pancreas, gallbladder

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2
Q

connective tissue of the mucosa is called the

A

lamina propria

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3
Q

The myenteric plexus is located in which layer of the alimentary canal?

A

muscularis

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4
Q

The nerve plexus that controls secretions by the GI tract is located in the

A

submucosa

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5
Q

Which peritoneal modification supports the large intestine?

A

mesocolon

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6
Q

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the __ cavity.

A

peritoneal

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7
Q

Which two regions of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

A

ascending colon and descending colon

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8
Q

digestion begins in the

A

mouth

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9
Q

Taste buds are found in elevations on the dorsal surface of the tongue called

A

papillae

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10
Q

Mumps is a viral infection, inflammation, and enlargement of the

A

parotid salivary glands

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11
Q

The duct of the parotid gland enters the mouth cavity near the

A

second maxillary molar

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12
Q

Secretion of saliva stops

A

when the body is dehydrated

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13
Q

The deciduous molars are replaced in the adult by the

A

premolars (bicuspids)

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14
Q

The branch of dentistry that is concerned with the prevention and correction of abnormally aligned teeth is

A

orthodontics

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15
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

To close off the nasopharynx during swallowing

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16
Q

Which part of the tooth is harder than bone?

A

dentin

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17
Q

The esophageal hiatus is in the

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

The wavelike, rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called

A

peristalsis

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19
Q

During the act of deglutition

A

food moves from the mouth to the stomach

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20
Q

The passage of a bolus of solid food from the mouth to the stomach takes about

A

4-8 seconds

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21
Q

The pyloric sphincter is found between the

A

stomach and duodenum

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22
Q

Gastric glands increase their secretory activity in response to a hormone released from the

A

stomach

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23
Q

The intrinsic factor is produced by ___ cells of the gastric glands

A

parietal

24
Q

What are rugae?

A

folds of the mucosa of the stomach

25
Q

The inner lining of the stomach is made up of

A

simple columnar epithelium

26
Q

Hydrochloric acid is produced in the stomach by the

A

parietal cells

27
Q

What is the function of the parietal gland?

A

secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

28
Q

The ducts of the pancreas and liver connect to the digestive tract at the

A

duodenum

29
Q

Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes of the pancreatic juice that act on

A

proteins

30
Q

The only substance in bile that aids in digestion is

A

bile salts

31
Q

The cystic duct is attached to the

A

gallbladder

32
Q

Which digestive gland produces bile?

A

liver

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of hepatocytes?
- A) secretion of digestive enzymes
- B) secretion of bile
- C) detoxifying alcohol
- D) synthesizing cholesterol

A

D) synthesizing cholesterol

34
Q

Gallstones are formed from the fusion of crystallized

A

cholesterol

35
Q

The physical and chemical breakdown of food is completed primarily in the

A

small intestine

36
Q

What are the names of the three sections of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

37
Q

The final products of protein digestion are

A

amino acids

38
Q

Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the

A

small intestine

39
Q

The crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) are found in the

A

small intestine

40
Q

Salivary amylase digestive activity

A

continues in the stomach until the stomach acids deactivate it

41
Q

pepsin action ceases in the duodenum because of the presence of

A

bicarbonate ions from the pancreas

42
Q

The finger-like projections of the small intestine that give the mucosa a velvety appearance and greatly increase the surface area are called

A

villi

43
Q

Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the

A

small intestine

44
Q

There are no lipase enzymes secreted by the gland cells of the

A

small intestine

45
Q

All lipids are absorbed through the brush border of the small intestine by the process of:

A

simple diffusion

46
Q

Although over 9 liters of water enter the small intestine, the amount lost in the feces is only about:

A

0.1 liter

47
Q

Tubular glands formed by simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells that extend the full thickness of the mucosa are found in the

A

large intestine

48
Q

The pancreas is stimulated to release its secretions by

A

secretin

49
Q

Which hormone stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in digestive enzymes and contraction of the wall of the gallbladder to release bile?

A

cholecystokinin

50
Q

The thought or smell of food initiates the __ phase of stomach secretion and motility

A

cephalic

51
Q

During the intestinal phase of gastric digestion

A

gastric secretions and motility decrease

52
Q

Secretion of gastrin and stimulation of the vagus nerve cause

A

increased stomach motility, contraction of the esophageal sphincter, and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter

53
Q

The hormone that causes secretion of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions is

A

cholecystokinin

54
Q

In the embryo, the inner lining of most of the digestive tract is formed form

A

endoderm

55
Q

Dentists recommend that plaque be removed from the teeth at least every

A

24 hours

56
Q

The second leading cause of CA deaths in males, after deaths from lung CA, is

A

colorectal CA

BIO 40C (20 decks)

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