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BIO 40C > Notes + Study Questions of Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Notes + Study Questions of Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2/3 of body fluid is

A

intracellular fluid

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2
Q

1/3 of body fluid is

A

extracellular fluid

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3
Q

what are some examples of interstitial fluid

A

lymph, CSF, GI fluids, synovial fluid

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4
Q

what membrane separates the intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid

A

plasma membranes

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5
Q

what membrane separates the interstitial fluid and blood plasma

A

blood vessel walls

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6
Q

what are the ways that fluids move between cells and what is the main way

A

filtration
reabsorption
diffusion
osmosis (main way)

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7
Q

what are the normal ways of fluid intake

A

ingestion of liquids and moist foods and metabolic synthesis of water during cellular respiration and dehydration synthesis

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8
Q

what are the normal ways of fluid output

A

kidneys, exhalation from lungs, evaporation from skin, feces

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9
Q

metabolic water volume depends on

A

level of aerobic cellular respiration

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10
Q

what is the main way to regulate body water balance

A

adjusting volume of water intake

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11
Q

what is dehydration

A

water loss is greater than water gain

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12
Q

what are the 4 hormones that regulate urine production

A

ADH, ANP, angiotensin II, aldosterone

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13
Q

what is water intoxication

A

water consumption is greater than the amount of kidney excretion

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14
Q

what are the 4 general functions of electrolytes

A

1) control osmosis of water
2) maintain acid-base balance
3) electrical current
4) cofactors of enzymes

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15
Q

what is the most abundant extracellular ion

A

Na+

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16
Q

what is sodium involved in

A

impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and fluid + electrolyte balance

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17
Q

the blood level of sodium is controlled by what 3 hormones

A

aldosterone, ADH, ANP

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18
Q

what is edema

A

excess sodium

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19
Q

what is the most extracellular anion

A

chloride

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20
Q

chloride is involved in what functions

A

regulation osmotic pressure, formingHCl in the stomach

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21
Q

what hormone regulates chloride

A

aldosterone

22
Q

what is the most abundant cation in ICF

A

potassium

23
Q

what functions is potassium involved in

A

maintaining fluid volume, impulse conduction, muscle contraction and regulating pH

24
Q

what controls the level of potassium

A

mineralcorticoids, mainly aldosterone

25
Q

what is prominent ion in plasma

A

bicarbonate

26
Q

what is the function of bicarbonate

A

electrolyte balance

27
Q

what is the most abundant ion in the body

A

calcium

28
Q

what is the function of calcium

A

structural component of bones and teeth, participates in blood coagulation, neurotransmitter release, maintenance of muscle tone, excitability of nervous + muscle tissue

29
Q

what 2 hormones control the level of calcium

A

PTH and calcitonin

30
Q

what controls level of phosphate

A

PTH and calcitriol

31
Q

what is a primary intracellular cation

A

magnesium

32
Q

what is magnesium involved in

A

activates several enzyme systems involved in metabolism of carbs + proteins, operation of sodium pump, neuromuscular activities, neural transmission within CNS, myocardial function

33
Q

what regulates magnesium concentration

A

hypocalcemia/hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia/hypermagnesemia, increase or decrease of ECF volume, increase or decrease in PTH, acidosis or alkalosis

34
Q

the homeostasis of pH is maintained by

A

buffer systems, exhalation of CO2, and kidney excretion

35
Q

what are the important types of buffer systems

A

protein system, carbonic acid-bicarbonate system, phosphate system

36
Q

what is the most abundant body buffer system

A

protein buffer system

37
Q

what happens when you increase the rate and depth of breathing

A

more CO2 is exhaled which leads to increased pH

38
Q

what happens when you decrease the rate and depth of breathing

A

less CO2 is exhaled which leads to decreased blood pH

39
Q

acidosis is what blood pH

A

< 7.35 `

40
Q

alkalosis is what blood pH

A

> 7.45

41
Q

what is the normal pH range

A

7.35-7.45

42
Q

what are the primary disorders of blood PCO2

A

respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

43
Q

what are the primary disorders of bicarbonate concentration

A

metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis

44
Q

what are the 4 steps to diagnose an acid-base imbalance

A

1) check pH if high or low
2) decide if PCO2 or HCO3- is cause of abnormality
3) specify problem source as respiratory or metabolic
4) look at non-causative value and determine if its compensating for the problem

45
Q

what effect does alcohol have on ADH secretion

A

alcohol suppresses secretion of ADH

46
Q

what are the chemical buffers of the body

A

lungs and kidneys

47
Q

what 3 things do you have to look at for acid base balance and what are their normal ranges

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
HCO3- : 22-26 mEq/L

48
Q

what are the 3 things that help maintain pH of body fluids

A

buffers, exhalation of CO2, kidney excretion of H+

49
Q

elevated pH, low PaCO2, normal HCO3

A

respiratory alkalosis

50
Q

decreased pH, increased PaCO2, normal HCO3

A

respiratory acidosis

51
Q

increased pH, normal PaCO2, increased HCO3

A

metabolic alkalosis

52
Q

decreased pH, normal PaCO2, decreased HCO3

A

matabolic acidosis

BIO 40C (20 decks)

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