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BIO 40C > Textbook Quiz - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Textbook Quiz - Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following does not describe hormones in the body?
- A) They are mediator molecules released in one part of the body but regulating the activity of cells in other parts of the body
- B) most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the bloodstream
- C) hormones acts on muscles and glands only
- D) hormones exert their effects by binding to receptors on or in the “target” cells

A

C) hormones acts on muscles and glands only

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2
Q

When an excess of a hormone is present the number of target cell receptors may decrease. This change is called

A

down-regulation

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3
Q

term for local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them

A

autocrines

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4
Q

In the stomach, the release of histamine by mast cells stimulates nearby cells to secrete hydrochloric acid. Histamine can therefore be classified as

A

a paracrine

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5
Q

a “second messenger” for hormone response is

A

cAMP

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones?
- A) they are lipid soluble
- B) receptors are located on the cell membrane
- C) they act on the DNA level
- D) they work through intracellular receptors

A

B) receptors are located on the cell membrane

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7
Q

Upon entering the blood, steroid and thyroid hormones

A

attach to specific transport proteins

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8
Q

hormone secretion is regulated by all but which of the following?
- A) neural signals
- B) blood chemistry changes
- C) other hormones
- D) CSF changes

A

D) CSF changes

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9
Q

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
- A) oxytocin
- B) prolactin
- C) ADH
- D) calcitonin

A

B) prolactin

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10
Q

target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the

A

anterior pituitary

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11
Q

tropic hormones are secreted by the

A

anterior pituitary

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12
Q

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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13
Q

stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown

A

human growth hormone, through the action of insulin-like growth factors

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14
Q

the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems

A

hypothalamus

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15
Q

the cell bodies of the axons of the posterior pituitary gland are actually located in the

A

hypothalamus of the brain

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16
Q

blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through

A

hypophyseal portal veins

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17
Q

Which endocrine gland is NOT regulated by tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary?
- A) parathyroid gland
- B) thyroid gland
- C) adrenal cortex
- D) ovaries

A

A) parathyroid gland

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18
Q

the most abundant anterior pituitary hormone is

A

human growth hormone (hGH)

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19
Q

abnormally high levels of which anterior pituitary hormone will lead to hyperglycemia?

A

human growth hormone

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20
Q

the posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes

A

oxytocin and ADH

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21
Q

if you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be

A

decreased secretion of ADH

22
Q

abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease

A

diabetes insipidis

23
Q

for the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that _ be present

A

iodine

24
Q

which of the following hormones influence metabolism of most somatic cells?
- A) PRL
- B) T3
- C) FSH
- D) thymosin

A

B) T3

25
Q

thyroid hormones are synthesized in thyroglobulin from

A

iodine and tyrosine

26
Q

what stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?

A

low levels of calcium ion in the blood

27
Q

which of the following produce antagonistic results?
- A) FSH and LH
- B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
- C) ADH and vasopressin
- D) oxytocin and prolactin

A

B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

28
Q

the concentration of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood is regulated by

A

PTH

29
Q

which of the following is classified as a glucocorticoid?
- A) vasopressin
- B) aldosterone
- C) cortisol
- D) epinephrine

A

C) cortisol

30
Q

which region of the adrenal gland produces mineralocorticoids?

A

zona glomerulosa

31
Q

zona fasciculata, influence protein and fat metabolism, and promote vasoconstriction

A

glucocorticoids

32
Q

which chemical acts both as a neurotransmitter in some locations and as a hormone in other locations?

A

norepinephrine

33
Q

adrenal hormones useful in treating chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism are:

A

glucocorticoids

34
Q

the release of cortisol is stimulated by

A

ACTH

35
Q

which part of the adrenal gland produces hormones that are essential to life?

A

zona fasciculate

36
Q

the _ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

A

beta

37
Q

which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
- A) pancreas
- B) anterior pituitary
- C) thyroid
- D) adrenal medulla

A

A) pancreas

38
Q

which hormone is not produced in the male?
- A) inhibin
- B) testosterone
- C) FSH
- D) relaxin

A

D) relaxin

39
Q

the pineal gland is located in

A

brain

40
Q

jet lag is associated with the changes in secretion of a hormone from the

A

pineal gland

41
Q

a hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract is

A

calcitriol

42
Q

are eicosanoids that act as local hormones in most body tissues

A

prostaglandins

43
Q

eicosanoid hormones are produced in

A

all cells excepts RBCs

44
Q

In 1971, it was discovered that ASA exerts its effect in reducing pain and inflammation by blocking the chemical synthesis of:

A

prostaglandins

45
Q

the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus responsible for initiating the resistance reaction phase of the GAS are

A

CRH, TRH, and GHRH

46
Q

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in the following clinical symptoms: redistribution of body fat, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, HTN, ‘moon face’, and ‘buffalo hump’, excessive bruising, and poor wound healing. These symptoms associated with

A

Cushing’s syndrome

47
Q

a sign of pituitary dwarfism is

A

premature closing of the epiphyseal plates

48
Q

glycosuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia

A

diabetes mellitus

49
Q

Type II diabetes most often occurs in humans who are overweight and

A

over 35 years in age

50
Q

either a deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas, or defects in insulin receptors on target cells, result in the disease

A

diabetes mellitus

BIO 40C (20 decks)

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