Textbook Quiz - Endocrine System Flashcards
Which of the following does not describe hormones in the body?
- A) They are mediator molecules released in one part of the body but regulating the activity of cells in other parts of the body
- B) most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the bloodstream
- C) hormones acts on muscles and glands only
- D) hormones exert their effects by binding to receptors on or in the “target” cells
C) hormones acts on muscles and glands only
When an excess of a hormone is present the number of target cell receptors may decrease. This change is called
down-regulation
term for local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them
autocrines
In the stomach, the release of histamine by mast cells stimulates nearby cells to secrete hydrochloric acid. Histamine can therefore be classified as
a paracrine
a “second messenger” for hormone response is
cAMP
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones?
- A) they are lipid soluble
- B) receptors are located on the cell membrane
- C) they act on the DNA level
- D) they work through intracellular receptors
B) receptors are located on the cell membrane
Upon entering the blood, steroid and thyroid hormones
attach to specific transport proteins
hormone secretion is regulated by all but which of the following?
- A) neural signals
- B) blood chemistry changes
- C) other hormones
- D) CSF changes
D) CSF changes
Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
- A) oxytocin
- B) prolactin
- C) ADH
- D) calcitonin
B) prolactin
target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the
anterior pituitary
tropic hormones are secreted by the
anterior pituitary
stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown
human growth hormone, through the action of insulin-like growth factors
the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems
hypothalamus
the cell bodies of the axons of the posterior pituitary gland are actually located in the
hypothalamus of the brain
blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through
hypophyseal portal veins
Which endocrine gland is NOT regulated by tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary?
- A) parathyroid gland
- B) thyroid gland
- C) adrenal cortex
- D) ovaries
A) parathyroid gland
the most abundant anterior pituitary hormone is
human growth hormone (hGH)
abnormally high levels of which anterior pituitary hormone will lead to hyperglycemia?
human growth hormone
the posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes
oxytocin and ADH
if you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be
decreased secretion of ADH
abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease
diabetes insipidis
for the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that _ be present
iodine
which of the following hormones influence metabolism of most somatic cells?
- A) PRL
- B) T3
- C) FSH
- D) thymosin
B) T3
thyroid hormones are synthesized in thyroglobulin from
iodine and tyrosine
what stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?
low levels of calcium ion in the blood
which of the following produce antagonistic results?
- A) FSH and LH
- B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
- C) ADH and vasopressin
- D) oxytocin and prolactin
B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
the concentration of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood is regulated by
PTH
which of the following is classified as a glucocorticoid?
- A) vasopressin
- B) aldosterone
- C) cortisol
- D) epinephrine
C) cortisol
which region of the adrenal gland produces mineralocorticoids?
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata, influence protein and fat metabolism, and promote vasoconstriction
glucocorticoids
which chemical acts both as a neurotransmitter in some locations and as a hormone in other locations?
norepinephrine
adrenal hormones useful in treating chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism are:
glucocorticoids
the release of cortisol is stimulated by
ACTH
which part of the adrenal gland produces hormones that are essential to life?
zona fasciculate
the _ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin
beta
which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
- A) pancreas
- B) anterior pituitary
- C) thyroid
- D) adrenal medulla
A) pancreas
which hormone is not produced in the male?
- A) inhibin
- B) testosterone
- C) FSH
- D) relaxin
D) relaxin
the pineal gland is located in
brain
jet lag is associated with the changes in secretion of a hormone from the
pineal gland
a hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract is
calcitriol
are eicosanoids that act as local hormones in most body tissues
prostaglandins
eicosanoid hormones are produced in
all cells excepts RBCs
In 1971, it was discovered that ASA exerts its effect in reducing pain and inflammation by blocking the chemical synthesis of:
prostaglandins
the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus responsible for initiating the resistance reaction phase of the GAS are
CRH, TRH, and GHRH
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in the following clinical symptoms: redistribution of body fat, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, HTN, ‘moon face’, and ‘buffalo hump’, excessive bruising, and poor wound healing. These symptoms associated with
Cushing’s syndrome
a sign of pituitary dwarfism is
premature closing of the epiphyseal plates
glycosuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia
diabetes mellitus
Type II diabetes most often occurs in humans who are overweight and
over 35 years in age
either a deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas, or defects in insulin receptors on target cells, result in the disease
diabetes mellitus
