Notes + Study Questions of Urinary System

Question 1

the urinary system consists of

Answer 1

2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra, 2 kidneys

Question 2

what are the 3 layers of tissue surrounding the kidney

Answer 2

renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia

Question 3

what is the main function of the renal cortex

Answer 3

filtration to form urine

Question 4

what is the main function of the renal medulla

Answer 4

collect and excrete urine

Question 5

what is the flow of urine

Answer 5

renal cortex > renal medulla > papilla > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder > urethra

Question 6

what is the renal blood flow

Answer 6

renal artery > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > interlobular (cortical radiant) arteries > afferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries > efferent capillaries > peritubular capillaries > interlobular (cortical radiant) veins > arcuate veins > interlobar veins > renal veins

Question 7

what structures pass through the renal hilum

Answer 7

ureter, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Question 8

what are the 3 basic functions performed by nephrons and collecting ducts and where does it happen/occur

Answer 8

glomerular filtration - Bowman’s capsule
tubular reabsorption - PCT and loop of Henle
tubular secretion - DCT and collecting ducts

Question 9

what are renal capsule consists of

Answer 9

glomerular capillaries, glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

Question 10

what does the renal tubule consists of

Answer 10

PCT, loop of Henle, DCT

Question 11

where is the JGA located and what are its components

Answer 11

at the hilum of the glomerulus; macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

Question 12

the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 12

cortical has short loops of Henle, thick ascending limbs of loop of Henle, renal corpuscles are located in outer portion of cortex

Question 13

what are the 3 principal mechanisms that controls GFR

Answer 13

renal autoregulation, neural regulation, hormonal regulation

Question 14

what are the characteristics of normal urine

Answer 14

volume : 1-2L/day
color: yellow or amber
turbidity: transparent - cloudy
odor: mildly aromatic
pH: 4.6-9.0
specific gravity (density): 1.001-1.035

Question 15

what does autoregulation of GFR consist of

Answer 15

myogenic contraction,
tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 16

what are the 2 hormones that contribute to the regulation of GFR

Answer 16

angiotensin II, atria natriuretic peptide (ANP)