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BIO 40C > Textbook Quiz - Metabolism > Flashcards

Textbook Quiz - Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

The energy for metabolism is primarily transferred by molecules of

A

ATP

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2
Q

Formation of protein molecules from amino acids is an example of

A

anabolism

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3
Q

The amount of energy released in catabolism that is available for cellular functions equals about

A

40%

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4
Q

Within a living cell, the oxidation of one molecule is always coupled with the simultaneous ___ of another molecule

A

reduction

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5
Q

A coupled chemical reaction that directly transfers a high energy phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, producing ATP is

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

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6
Q

In the transitional step between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,

A

pyruvic acid undergoes decarboxylation

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7
Q

Which hormones stimulates gluconeogenesis

A

cortisol

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8
Q

a stepwise release of energy for the generation of ATP

A

electron transport chain

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9
Q

Which of these four processes is called anaerobic respiration?
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain

A

glycolysis

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10
Q

Which of these four processes produces ATP from NADH and FADH2?
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain

A

electron transport chain

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11
Q

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of __ ATP molecules

A

two

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12
Q

In glycolysis, what is the correct ATP energy budget?

A

4 ATPs produced - 2 ATPs used = net gain of 2 ATPs

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13
Q

Which of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?
- production of reduced coenzyme
- production of carbon dioxide
- generation of GTP, which is used to produce ATP
- formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

A

formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

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14
Q

For every glucose molecule metabolized, how many carbon dioxide molecules are produced?

A

6

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15
Q

NADH dehydrogenase complex, cytochrome b-c1 complex, and cytochrome oxidase complex are all

A

proton pumps in the mitochondrial membrane

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16
Q

In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

How many oxygen molecules are used during the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule

A

6

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18
Q

Which of these four series of reactions uses oxygen in the last reaction of the series
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain

A

electron transport chain

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19
Q

In which process does chemiosmosis occur?

A

electron transport chain

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20
Q

In fatty acid metabolism, which molecule enters the Krebs cycle?

A

acetyle CoA

21
Q

The function of HDLs is to

A

pick up excess cholesterol from body cells and the blood and return it to the liver

22
Q

The majority of fat in the body is stored in fat cells located

A

subcutaneously

23
Q

Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid are

A

ketone bodies

24
Q

essential amino acids are those that

A

cannot be synthesized by humans in adequate amounts

25
Q

an increase in urea in the blood would indicate an increase in the breakdown of

A

amino acids

26
Q

before amino acids can enter the Krebs cycle, they must undergo

A

deamination

27
Q

after glucose 6-phosphate is formed in a cell it cannot

A

diffuse out of the cell

28
Q

which molecule will undergo different reactions, depending on whether oxygen is plentiful

A

pyruvic acid

29
Q

which of the following chemicals does NOT play a pivotal role in metabolism
- glucose 6-phosphate
- pyruvic acid
- acetyl coenzyme A
- lactic acid

A

lactic acid

30
Q

the main hormone that is active during the absorptive state is

A

insulin

31
Q

during the absorptive state, glucose is

A

oxidized for ATP production

32
Q

During the postabsoprtive state, when we exercise, the anaerobically produced lactic acid is

A

carried to the liver where it can be converted into glucose and put back into the blood

33
Q

body temp. is ultimately regulated by the

A

hypothalamus

34
Q

convection is

A

transfer of heat by a liquid or gas between areas of different temps.

35
Q

the areas of the brain that regulate food intake are located in the

A

hypothalamus

36
Q

the major regulator of BMR is

A

thyroid hormone

37
Q

too high a core body temp can be fatal because it causes

A

denaturation of proteins

38
Q

an inc. in core body temp. of one degree C will inc. the rate of biochemical reactions by about

A

10%

39
Q

in the neg feedback mechanism of body temp heat regulation, in response to dec of body temp, the hypothalamus

A

releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone

40
Q

When you touch a cool object, you are losing heat by

A

conduction

41
Q

is used for growth, maintenance, and repair

A

a nutrient

42
Q

vitamin D deficiency causes

A

rickets and osteomalacia

43
Q

experts in good nutrition recommend that we get about ___ of our calories from complex carbs

A

50-60%

44
Q

the base of the food guide pyramid includes

A

bread and cereals

45
Q

which of the following minerals serves as an antioxidant, prevents chromosome damage, and may play a role in preventing certain birth defects

A

selenium

46
Q

which vitamin is essential for the formation of pigments in photoreceptors of retina and, if deficient, leads to night blindness

A

A

47
Q

the only B vitamin not found in vegetables, the only vitamin requiring intrinsic factor for proper absorption, and the vitamin necessary for RBC formation is vitamin

A

B12 (cyanocobalamin)

48
Q

when, as a result of pyrogens, the body thermostat is set to a higher temp. , you will experience

A

a chill

49
Q

obesity is defined as a body weight more than __ above a desirable standard due to excessive accumulation of adipose tissue

A

20%

BIO 40C (20 decks)

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