Textbook Quiz - Metabolism Flashcards
The energy for metabolism is primarily transferred by molecules of
ATP
Formation of protein molecules from amino acids is an example of
anabolism
The amount of energy released in catabolism that is available for cellular functions equals about
40%
Within a living cell, the oxidation of one molecule is always coupled with the simultaneous ___ of another molecule
reduction
A coupled chemical reaction that directly transfers a high energy phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, producing ATP is
substrate-level phosphorylation
In the transitional step between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,
pyruvic acid undergoes decarboxylation
Which hormones stimulates gluconeogenesis
cortisol
a stepwise release of energy for the generation of ATP
electron transport chain
Which of these four processes is called anaerobic respiration?
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
glycolysis
Which of these four processes produces ATP from NADH and FADH2?
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
electron transport chain
As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of __ ATP molecules
two
In glycolysis, what is the correct ATP energy budget?
4 ATPs produced - 2 ATPs used = net gain of 2 ATPs
Which of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?
- production of reduced coenzyme
- production of carbon dioxide
- generation of GTP, which is used to produce ATP
- formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen
formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen
For every glucose molecule metabolized, how many carbon dioxide molecules are produced?
6
NADH dehydrogenase complex, cytochrome b-c1 complex, and cytochrome oxidase complex are all
proton pumps in the mitochondrial membrane
In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur
cytoplasm
How many oxygen molecules are used during the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule
6
Which of these four series of reactions uses oxygen in the last reaction of the series
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
electron transport chain
In which process does chemiosmosis occur?
electron transport chain
In fatty acid metabolism, which molecule enters the Krebs cycle?
acetyle CoA
The function of HDLs is to
pick up excess cholesterol from body cells and the blood and return it to the liver
The majority of fat in the body is stored in fat cells located
subcutaneously
Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid are
ketone bodies
essential amino acids are those that
cannot be synthesized by humans in adequate amounts
an increase in urea in the blood would indicate an increase in the breakdown of
amino acids
before amino acids can enter the Krebs cycle, they must undergo
deamination
after glucose 6-phosphate is formed in a cell it cannot
diffuse out of the cell
which molecule will undergo different reactions, depending on whether oxygen is plentiful
pyruvic acid
which of the following chemicals does NOT play a pivotal role in metabolism
- glucose 6-phosphate
- pyruvic acid
- acetyl coenzyme A
- lactic acid
lactic acid
the main hormone that is active during the absorptive state is
insulin
during the absorptive state, glucose is
oxidized for ATP production
During the postabsoprtive state, when we exercise, the anaerobically produced lactic acid is
carried to the liver where it can be converted into glucose and put back into the blood
body temp. is ultimately regulated by the
hypothalamus
convection is
transfer of heat by a liquid or gas between areas of different temps.
the areas of the brain that regulate food intake are located in the
hypothalamus
the major regulator of BMR is
thyroid hormone
too high a core body temp can be fatal because it causes
denaturation of proteins
an inc. in core body temp. of one degree C will inc. the rate of biochemical reactions by about
10%
in the neg feedback mechanism of body temp heat regulation, in response to dec of body temp, the hypothalamus
releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone
When you touch a cool object, you are losing heat by
conduction
is used for growth, maintenance, and repair
a nutrient
vitamin D deficiency causes
rickets and osteomalacia
experts in good nutrition recommend that we get about ___ of our calories from complex carbs
50-60%
the base of the food guide pyramid includes
bread and cereals
which of the following minerals serves as an antioxidant, prevents chromosome damage, and may play a role in preventing certain birth defects
selenium
which vitamin is essential for the formation of pigments in photoreceptors of retina and, if deficient, leads to night blindness
A
the only B vitamin not found in vegetables, the only vitamin requiring intrinsic factor for proper absorption, and the vitamin necessary for RBC formation is vitamin
B12 (cyanocobalamin)
when, as a result of pyrogens, the body thermostat is set to a higher temp. , you will experience
a chill
obesity is defined as a body weight more than __ above a desirable standard due to excessive accumulation of adipose tissue
20%
