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BIO 40C > Textbook Quiz - Urinary System > Flashcards

Textbook Quiz - Urinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

The kidneys help control BP by the secretion of

A

renin

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2
Q

A function of the kidney is to

A

regulate blood ionic composition

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3
Q

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which functions to

A

control the rate of RBC production

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4
Q

Which of the following structures are found in the renal cortex?
- distal convoluted tubules
- renal columns
- collecting ducts
- minor calyces

A

distal convoluted tubules

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5
Q

drains into the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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6
Q

The outer layer of the 3 layers of tissue that surround the kidney is the

A

renal fascia

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7
Q

the innermost layer of the 3 layers of tissue that protect the kidney is the

A

renal capsule

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8
Q

the renal papillae contain papillary ducts which empty into the

A

minor calyces

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9
Q

What is the correct pathy of fluid through a juxtamedullary nephron?

A

proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

the nephron has two parts. they are the

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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11
Q

the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is covered with specialized cells called

A

podocytes

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12
Q

externally, the kidney is protected and supported by connective tissue and

A

adipose tissue

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13
Q

renal BP remains fairly constant d/t the function of the

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

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14
Q

in what type of nephrons do the renal corpuscle lie in the outer portion of the renal cortex

A

cortical nephrons

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15
Q

the proximal convoluted tubule is made up of

A

cuboidal cells with many microvilli

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16
Q

what is the function of adipose tissue to the kidney

A

protect the kidney from trauma and hold it firmly in place within the abdominal cavity

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17
Q

what type of nephron enables kidney to excrete very dilute or very concentrated urine

A

juxtamedullary nephron

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18
Q

fenestrations are associated with the

A

glomerulus

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19
Q

filtration of blood occurs where

A

in the glomerulus

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20
Q

which of the following molecules cannot pass the filtration membranes in the kidneys?
- sodium ions
- glucose
- amino acids
- large proteins

A

large proteins

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21
Q

glomerular filtrate is produced as a result of

A

blood hydrostatic pressure

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22
Q

normally, NFP in the kidney is about

A

10 mm Hg

23
Q

In the process of renal autoregulation, when the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes less vasoconstrictor substance,

A

the afferent arterioles dilate, inc. glomerular filtration rate

24
Q

which pressure is the primary pressure driving glomerular filtration

A

glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

25
Q

sodium is moved out of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule and into the interstitial fluid by the process of

A

active transport

26
Q

reabsorption is the movement of molecules from the __ into the ___

A

renal tubules, peritubular capillaries

27
Q

very little water reabsorption occurs in the

A

thick ascending loop of Henle

28
Q

sodium ions move through the apical membranes of principal cells of the collecting duct by

A

diffusion

29
Q

chloride ions are actively reabsorbed from the

A

thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

30
Q

potassium ions are actively secreted into the tubular fluid of the

A

distal convoluted tubule

31
Q

most reabsorption occurs in the

A

proximal convoluted tubule

32
Q

which of the following chemicals is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

renin

33
Q

glucose enters the proximal convoluted tubule cells by __ and leaves the cell into the interstitial fluid by ___

A

sodium ion-glucose symporters, facilated diffusion

34
Q

the main region of the kidney tubule that is impermeable to water is the

A

thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

35
Q

the main regulator of facultative water reabsorption is

A

antidiuretic hormone

36
Q

what occurs by the action NA+ symporters in the apical membrane of tubule cells?

A

both reabsorption of glucose by proximal convoluted tubule cells and reabsorption of amino acids by proximal convoluted tubule cells

37
Q

ions, but not water, are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the ascending loop of Henle. therefore, the osmolarity of the fluid entering the DCT is

A

less than blood

38
Q

In renal interstitial fluid

A

sodium chloride concentration inc. from cortex to medulla

39
Q

inc. sodium and chloride ion concentrations in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla is the result of

A

countercurrent mechanism

40
Q

the most important solutes that contribute to the high osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla are

A

sodium ions, chloride ions, and urea

41
Q

urine contains

A

waste products of metabolism

42
Q

creatinine is produced by the breakdown of creatine phosphate in the skeletal muscles. its useful for determining GFR because its

A

filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted

43
Q

the color of urine is d/t the presence of a chemical called

A

urochrome

44
Q

urine leave the urinary bladder through the

A

urethra

45
Q

the external opening of the urinary system is the

A

external urethral orifice

46
Q

urine reaches the urinary bladder through the

A

ureter

47
Q

during what reflex, do the parasympathetic fibers conduct impulses from the spinal cord that cause contraction of the detrusor muscle

A

micturition reflex

48
Q

the urinary bladder in the female lies inferior to the

A

uterus

49
Q

which waste management system binds excess hydrogen ions and thus prevents an inc. in the acidity of the body fluids

A

body buffers

50
Q

in the embryo, the first kidney to form is the

A

pronephros

51
Q

the normal kidneys are only about __ as affective at the age of 70 as they are at the age of 40

A

50%

52
Q

a pt. has sx. that include painful, frequent urination, and low back pain. Further examination reveals inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the urinary bladder. The pt. has

A

cystitis

53
Q

A pt. is brought to the ER. Blood eval. reveals high levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and potassium. Family members report failure to urinate, even though the pt. consumed a fairly large quantity of water during the day. The pt. is experiencing

A

renal failure

BIO 40C (20 decks)

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