Textbook Quiz - Urinary System Flashcards
The kidneys help control BP by the secretion of
renin
A function of the kidney is to
regulate blood ionic composition
The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which functions to
control the rate of RBC production
Which of the following structures are found in the renal cortex?
- distal convoluted tubules
- renal columns
- collecting ducts
- minor calyces
distal convoluted tubules
drains into the ureter
renal pelvis
The outer layer of the 3 layers of tissue that surround the kidney is the
renal fascia
the innermost layer of the 3 layers of tissue that protect the kidney is the
renal capsule
the renal papillae contain papillary ducts which empty into the
minor calyces
What is the correct pathy of fluid through a juxtamedullary nephron?
proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
the nephron has two parts. they are the
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is covered with specialized cells called
podocytes
externally, the kidney is protected and supported by connective tissue and
adipose tissue
renal BP remains fairly constant d/t the function of the
juxtaglomerular apparatus
in what type of nephrons do the renal corpuscle lie in the outer portion of the renal cortex
cortical nephrons
the proximal convoluted tubule is made up of
cuboidal cells with many microvilli
what is the function of adipose tissue to the kidney
protect the kidney from trauma and hold it firmly in place within the abdominal cavity
what type of nephron enables kidney to excrete very dilute or very concentrated urine
juxtamedullary nephron
fenestrations are associated with the
glomerulus
filtration of blood occurs where
in the glomerulus
which of the following molecules cannot pass the filtration membranes in the kidneys?
- sodium ions
- glucose
- amino acids
- large proteins
large proteins
glomerular filtrate is produced as a result of
blood hydrostatic pressure
normally, NFP in the kidney is about
10 mm Hg
In the process of renal autoregulation, when the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes less vasoconstrictor substance,
the afferent arterioles dilate, inc. glomerular filtration rate
which pressure is the primary pressure driving glomerular filtration
glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure
sodium is moved out of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule and into the interstitial fluid by the process of
active transport
reabsorption is the movement of molecules from the __ into the ___
renal tubules, peritubular capillaries
very little water reabsorption occurs in the
thick ascending loop of Henle
sodium ions move through the apical membranes of principal cells of the collecting duct by
diffusion
chloride ions are actively reabsorbed from the
thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
potassium ions are actively secreted into the tubular fluid of the
distal convoluted tubule
most reabsorption occurs in the
proximal convoluted tubule
which of the following chemicals is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus
renin
glucose enters the proximal convoluted tubule cells by __ and leaves the cell into the interstitial fluid by ___
sodium ion-glucose symporters, facilated diffusion
the main region of the kidney tubule that is impermeable to water is the
thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
the main regulator of facultative water reabsorption is
antidiuretic hormone
what occurs by the action NA+ symporters in the apical membrane of tubule cells?
both reabsorption of glucose by proximal convoluted tubule cells and reabsorption of amino acids by proximal convoluted tubule cells
ions, but not water, are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the ascending loop of Henle. therefore, the osmolarity of the fluid entering the DCT is
less than blood
In renal interstitial fluid
sodium chloride concentration inc. from cortex to medulla
inc. sodium and chloride ion concentrations in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla is the result of
countercurrent mechanism
the most important solutes that contribute to the high osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla are
sodium ions, chloride ions, and urea
urine contains
waste products of metabolism
creatinine is produced by the breakdown of creatine phosphate in the skeletal muscles. its useful for determining GFR because its
filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted
the color of urine is d/t the presence of a chemical called
urochrome
urine leave the urinary bladder through the
urethra
the external opening of the urinary system is the
external urethral orifice
urine reaches the urinary bladder through the
ureter
during what reflex, do the parasympathetic fibers conduct impulses from the spinal cord that cause contraction of the detrusor muscle
micturition reflex
the urinary bladder in the female lies inferior to the
uterus
which waste management system binds excess hydrogen ions and thus prevents an inc. in the acidity of the body fluids
body buffers
in the embryo, the first kidney to form is the
pronephros
the normal kidneys are only about __ as affective at the age of 70 as they are at the age of 40
50%
a pt. has sx. that include painful, frequent urination, and low back pain. Further examination reveals inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the urinary bladder. The pt. has
cystitis
A pt. is brought to the ER. Blood eval. reveals high levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and potassium. Family members report failure to urinate, even though the pt. consumed a fairly large quantity of water during the day. The pt. is experiencing
renal failure
