Testis and Penis pathology

Question 1

What are some scrotal masses?

Answer 1

Non-testicular: hernia, hydrocoele, haemotocoele, epididymis

Testicular: non-neoplastic vs neoplastic 9note confined within the tunica albuginea)

Question 2

What can be said about testicular germ cell tumours?

Answer 2

They are the most prevalent. Most germ cell tumpurs are testicular
Other tumours are sertoli/leydig cell tumours or lymphomas

Question 3

Where do these GCT’s originate and what are the male kinds?

Answer 3

Totipotent cells.

Seminoma’s and NSGCT’s

Question 4

What is the aetiology of GCT’s?

Answer 4

Genetic factors mainly (such as undescended testes), no environmental factors known

Question 5

What is a pre malignant finding in testes?

Answer 5

CIN (intratubular germ cell neoplasia)

Question 6

What is the pathogenesis in terms of genetic changes?

Answer 6

Increased copies of chromosome 12p (in Seminoma and NSGCT’s) not seen in paediactric GCT’s

Question 7

What are some tumour markers?

Answer 7

HCG: obv in choriocarcinomas, but sometimes in seminoma’s
AFP: in yolk sac tumours and malignant teratomas

Question 8

How do GCT’s spread?

Answer 8

Locally- to rete testis and epididymis (uncommon)

Lymphatic:common iliac and para aortic