Carcinoma of the prostate, bladder and kidney Flashcards
What are some diagnostic tools for prostatic cancer?
PSA, DRE, biopsy, MRI
Gleason grading then
What is the Gleason grading system?
A way of recogning histoloigcal patterns (5 of them) and adding the numbers of the two most common patterns
How will prostatic cancer progress?
Into surrounding fat, seminal vesicles or other pelvic structures.
Can spread to pelvic or aortic lymph nodes
can metastasise to particularly vertebral bodies
How are different tumour types managed?
low grade: none
Significant: radical (prostactectomy or radiotherapy0
Advanced: palliative care : ant-androgen treatment (castration or drugs) or radiotherapy
What are some facts about bladder carcinoma
mainly occurs in men
smoking aetiology
arises from urothelium (CIS) 9some squamous, some adenocarcinoma)
often multifocal
how can bladder carcinoma be treated?
BCG (bacteria injected in, evoking inflammatory response)
if in muscle, cystectomy
