Pathology of female genital tract

Question 1

Ovarian tumours/lesions

Answer 1

Polycystic ovaries (non-neoplastic) high BMI

benign: mucinous cystadenomas/ serous; teratoma’s/dermoid; fiboromas
malignant: ovarian carcinoma or metastases (often from stomach)

Question 2

Fallopian tube lesions/ tumours

Answer 2

Non-neoplastic: salpingitis; ectopic pregnancy
Pre-malignant: tubal intra epithelial carcinoma
malignant: carcinoma (serous) or metastatic (comes locally)

Question 3

Endometrial lesions/tumours

Has lots of glands and stroma. responsive to oestrogen and progesterone

Answer 3

non-neoplastic: endometritis; endometriosis
Pre malig: hyperplasia
benign: polyps
Malig: adenocarcinoma

Question 4

Myometrium

Answer 4

Non- neoplastic: adenomyosis
Benign- fibroma/leiomyoma
mal- leiomyosarcoma

Question 5

Cervial lesions/tumours

note transition of squamous to glandular epithelium

Answer 5

Non-neoplastic: cervicitis; candida
Pre malig: squmous ISL; adenocarcinoma in situ
Benign: endocervical polyps
Malig: squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma

Question 6

Metaplasia, dysplasia and neoplasia

Answer 6

Metaplasia: change of one cell type to another
Dysplasia: Abnormality of development or an epithelial anomaly of growth or differentiation
Neoplasia: The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

Question 7

CIN (cervical intra epithelial neoplasm) IS DYSPLASTIC. (looking for a squamous dysplasia)

An invasive neoplasm is a cancer

Answer 7

Confined to epithelium, can be removed. grades 1 to 3, 3 being most severe and an invade BM

Question 8

What are ways to biopsy an endometrium?

Answer 8

Pippele and Curretage