Testicular Pathology Flashcards
What are the functional unit of the testes?
seminiferous tubules
What is the role of the seminiferous tubules?
site of sperm generation
What cells are found in the seminiferous tubules?
at the edge:
germ cells
Sertoli cells
in the interstitial:
leydig cells
What stimulates sertoli cells?
FSH
What stimulates leydig cells?
LH
What is a hydrocele?
accumulation of fluid around the testis between the two layers of tunica vaginalis
unicystic, smooth and fluid filled
What is a spermatocele?
cystic change within the vas of the epididymis
usually asymptomatic or may feel fullness
What is a varicocoele?
varicosities of the venous plexus that drains the testes
usually asymptomatic
may present after feeling a lump - bag of worms
What is a worrying sign for a testicular lump?
multicystic
What is testicular torsion?
testes and cord rotate around the arterial supply and cause ischaemia then cell death - DEAD AFTER 6 HOURS
What causes testicular torsion?
Bell clapper deformity - high attachment of the tunica vaginalis
Who is affected by testicular cancer?
younger age groups 20-40
What are the two types of testicular cancer?
seminomatous and non seminomatous - both germ cell tumours
Describe a seminoma?
around 40 years - more common increased risk if undescended testes 95% cure rate - radiotherapy responsive contralateral teste will share the risk potato tumour
Describe a non seminomatous?
less common - presents as a mixed tumour
aged 30 years
far more aggresive and can metastesise
types: yolk sac, embryonal and trophoblast
