Kidney pathology Flashcards
What are the nodules seen in the kidneys due to diabetes called?
Kimmel stiel wilson lesions
What are aquired cysts associated with?
long term dialysis
What is an Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?
specific infection that creates a mass within the kidney
What is an oncocytoma?
benign kidney lesion
- small, oval and well circumcised
- central stellate scar
very pink on gram staining
What is a chromophobe?
malignant kidney lesion
- similar histologically to an oncocytoma
- raisonoid nuclei and perinuclear haloes
What is a papillary tumour?
malignant kidney lesion
finger like projections
normally low grade - 2nd most common
What is a collecting duct carcinoma?
high grade appearance
bad survival
What is a clear cell carcinoma?
most common - normally just called a renal cell carcinoma
What are the risks for a CCC?
obesity
genes
How do CCCs present?
haematuria
mass
hypertension - sometimes
What are the two types of CCC?
micro
macro
Describe a macro CCC?
bright yellow tumour surface
often partly cystic
Describe a micro CCC?
clear cell
relates to the hypoxia of cells
How do CCCs spread?
invade the renal vein and can extend into the vena cava up into the heart - causing thrombosis etc
What gene mutations can predispose to renal cancer?
VHL gene - encodes for HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) - in low levels of VHL they dissociate and HIF acts as a transcription factor for VGEF, PDGFRB and EPO
TCA cycle mutations also encode
