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1. Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the upper urinary tract?

A

kidney and ureters

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2
Q

What comprises the lower urinary tract?

A

bladder and urethra

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3
Q

What urinary tract organs are retroperitoneal?

A

kidney and ureters

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4
Q

What urinary tract organs are found in the abdomen?

A

kidney

proximal ureters

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5
Q

What urinary tract organs are found in the pelvis?

A

distal ureters
bladder
proximal urethra

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6
Q

What urinary tract organs are found in the perineum?

A

distal urethra

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7
Q

What is the order, anterior to posterior, of the structures of the hilum of the kidney?

A

vein, artery, ureter

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8
Q

What are the kidneys enclosed within?

A

renal capsule

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9
Q

What is the order of the layers around the kidney, from outside to in?

A 
visceral peritoneum
paranephric fat
renal fascia
perineprhic fat
renal capsule
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10
Q

What is the role of the layers around the kidney?

A

provide protection

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11
Q

What vertebrae level is the right kidney found?

A

L1-3

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12
Q

What vertebrae level is the left kidney found?

A

T12-L1

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13
Q

How do the kidneys move on inspiration?

A

inferiorly

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14
Q

Where does lymph from the kidneys drain to?

A

lumbar nodes

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15
Q

Where does lymph from the ureters drain to?

A

lumbar and iliac nodes

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16
Q

What are the blood supplies to the ureters?

A 
renal artery
abdominal aorta
common iliac
internal iliac
vesicle artery
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17
Q

How are aortic aneurysms named?

A

depending on their relationship to the renal arteries

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18
Q

How does an infrarenal AAA come about?

A

atherosclerosis causes renal artery stenosis and an AAA

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19
Q

How does an suprarenal AAA come about?

A

occlusion of renal artery by the aneurysm causes the stenosis

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20
Q

What is contained in the renal medulla?

A

renal pyramids - which contain regularly arranged nephrons which give the pyramids their striped appearance

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21
Q

What are the 3 points of constriction of the urinary tract?

A

pelviureteric junction
ureter crossing the anterior aspect of the common iliac artery
ureteric orifice - opening into the trigone

22
Q

What are renal calculi?

A

kidney stones

23
Q

How do renal calculi form?

A

urine calcium salts - seen on Xray

24
Q

What type of muscle does the ureter have?

A

smooth muscle

25
Q

How does the ureteric smooth muscle act in response to an obstruction?

A

contracts in a peristalsis like movement - causing colicky pain

26
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

water in the kidney
- due to urine back pressure into the calyces that compresses the nephrons within the medullary pyramids leading to renal failure

27
Q

What does acute hydronephrosis cause?

A

painful stretching of the renal capsule

28
Q

What comprises the false pelvis?

A

from the iliac crests to the pelvic inlet

29
Q

What seperates the false pelvis and the true pelvis?

A

pelvic rim

30
Q

What comprises the true pelvis?

A

pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

31
Q

At what level do the ureters enter the posterior aspect of the bladder?

A

ischial spine level

32
Q

What type of structures are the ureters?

A

sub peritoneal (below the peritoneum)

33
Q

Where do pelvic veins drain to?

A

internal iliac vein

34
Q

What is the trigone?

A

triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder

35
Q

What makes up the trigone?

A

made up of the 2 urethral orifices and the internal urethral orifice

36
Q

What muscle contracts when the bladder contracts to prevent the reflux of urine?

A

detrouser

37
Q

What contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation into the bladder?

A

internal urethral spinchter

38
Q

Where does the bladder sit when empty?

A

in pelvis

39
Q

Where does the bladder sit when full?

A

extends out of the pelvis

40
Q

What is the role of the epididymis?

A

storage of semen

41
Q

What is the role of the seminal gland?

A

produces semen

42
Q

What are the two types of urethra?

A

spongy

prostatic

43
Q

What causes an hydrocele?

A

excess water within the tunica vaginalis

44
Q

Where can the vas deferens be palpated?

A

within the spermatic cord

45
Q

What are the zones of the prostate gland?

A

peripheral zone

central zone

46
Q

Which zone of the prostate gland do cancers more normally start?

A

peripheral zone

47
Q

What is the blood supply to the penis?

A

deep arteries of the penis

branches of the internal pudendal artery from the internal iliac

48
Q

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

A

dual supply:
internal pudendual
branches from the external iliac

49
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage from the scrotum and most of the penis?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

50
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage from the testis?

A

lumbar nodes around the aorta

1. Renal (28 decks)

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