Bladder pathology

Question 1

What lines the bladder?

Answer 1

uroepithelium

Question 2

What is the bladder like when its empty? How does this change when its full?

Answer 2

lots of folds

when it fills these flatten out

Question 3

What is cystitis?

Answer 3

inflammation of the bladder

Question 4

What can cystitis be due to?

Answer 4

parasites
aseptic
reactive to catheters

Question 5

Describe how parasites can cause cystitis?

Answer 5

schistomiasis - host is the snail - it swims up the urethra
eggs stay in the body forever and continually trigger an inflammatory response -> squamous metaplasia -> squamous cell carcinoma

Question 6

What is aseptic cystitis?

Answer 6

no know cause - presents like a UTI but no pathogens can be found on cultures or urinalysis
inflammation and mast cells

Question 7

How does cystitis occur in reaction to catheters?

Answer 7

persistant inflammation, scarring, metaplasia and SCC

Question 8

What is cystitis cystica?

Answer 8

descriptive term of the reactive phenomenon where the bladder mucosa infolds into cysts

Question 9

How does a diverticulae present?

Answer 9

stagnant urine
infection
stones
cancer

Question 10

How does an obstruction present?

Answer 10

prostatism - bladder muscle is overworked and becomes hard and trabeculated so there is eventual persistant back pressure

Question 11

What happens to the kidney due to persistant back pressure?

Answer 11

hydronephrosis

collecting system dilates and renal parenchyma becomes atrophic