Bladder Cancer Flashcards
What are 90% of bladder cancers?
transitional cell
What are 9% of bladder cancers?
squamous cell
What are >1% of bladder cancers?
adenocarcinomas, sarcomas, undifferented, benign mesodermal
What are the two types of transitional cell bladder cancers?
papillary (80%)
non papillary - flat (20)
What percentage of papillary transitional cell bladder cancers are malignant?
50%
What percentage of non papillary transitional cell bladder cancers are malignant?
ALL
What imaging can be done for bladder cancers?
CT urography - halo sign excretory urogram angiography sonography retrograde pylogram
What percentage of those with ureter or pelvic cancer will develop bladder cancer?
50%
What populations are affected by bladder cancer?
males x4
>50 years
What puts you at a very increased risk of bladder cancer?
smoking
When do adenocarcinomas occur in the bladder?
on the background of metaplasia
What is a urachal adenocarcinoma?
urachus is the remnant of the alantosis
adenocarcinomas can arise within it - isolated to the bladder dome
What can give rise to squamous cell carcinomas in the bladder?
persistant inflammation
no squamous cell epithelium in the bladder so has to be metaplasia
What are the red flags for bladder cancer?
recurrent UTI
suprapubic pain
haematuria
