Anatomy of urinary incontinance

Question 1

How are somatic motor and sensory nerve taken to the CNS?

Answer 1

within cranial or spinal nerves

Question 2

What is the sympathetic outflow?

Answer 2

T1-L2 = thoracolumbar

Question 3

How do sympathetics reach muscles and organs from the CNS?

Answer 3

within splanchinic nerves/sympathetic chains

Question 4

What is the sympathetic outflow to get to the bladder and ureter?

Answer 4

T10-L2

Question 5

What is the parasympathetic outflow?

Answer 5

CN 3,7,9 and 10

Question 6

How do parasympathetics reach the hindgut and pelvic organs?

Answer 6

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 7

How do parasympathetics reach the bladder?

Answer 7

spinal S2,3,4

Question 8

How do parasympathetics reach the kidneys and ureter?

Answer 8

vagus CN 10

Question 9

Where does referred pain go from the kidney?

Answer 9

loin

Question 10

Where does referred pain go from the bladder?

Answer 10

supra pubic region

Question 11

Where does referred pain go from the ureter?

Answer 11

loin -> groin

Question 12

Where does referred pain go from the peripheral part of the urethra?

Answer 12

localised in the perineum

Question 13

Where is pain from the testes felt?

Answer 13

low abdomen or scrotum

Question 14

Where is pain from the urethra felt?

Answer 14

sharp pain in the peritoneum

Question 15

Where is pain from the bladder felt?

Answer 15

dull achy suprapubic pain

Question 16

Where is pain from the ureters felt?

Answer 16

loin to groin

Question 17

What nerves control the bladder/urine control?

Answer 17

S2, 3, 4

Question 18

What senses the bladder filling?

Answer 18

stretch receptors at the end of visceral afferent nerves

Question 19

What do S2, 3, 4 do in response to bladder filling?

Answer 19

stimulate the detrouser muscle

in males - also inhibit the internal spinchter muscle

Question 20

What does the brain do in response to the detrouser muscle being stimulated?

Answer 20

overrides this reflex and contracts the external spinchter and levator ani muscles

Question 21

Where do visceral afferents enter the spinal cord for the testes, bladder and kidneys and the ureters?

Answer 21

testes - T10 and L1
bladder and kidneys - T11 and L1
ureters - T12 and L1

Question 22

List the lumbar plexus in order of L1 -> L4?

Answer 22

iliohypogastric - L1
ilioinguinal - L1
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh - L2,L3
genitofemoral nerve - L1, L2
femoral nerve - L2-4
obturator nerve - L2-4

Question 23

What is a good way to remember the lumbar plexus?

Answer 23

Hi little good fluffy obturator

Question 24

How do parasympathetics let urine pass?

Answer 24

relax the internal urethral spinchter

Question 25

How is ureteric peristalsis brought about?

Answer 25

due to automatic action initiated by ureteric cells which have their own auto rhymicity