Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 101 > Test - Protein Synthesis, Cell Cycle, DNA Replication > Flashcards

Test - Protein Synthesis, Cell Cycle, DNA Replication Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The bases in RNA are

A

A - Adenine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine
U - Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is included in the cell cycle graphic?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What do cells use for an external regulator of the cell cycle?

A

Touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The final products of mitosis are

A

2 identical daughter cells (identical to each other and the mother cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An insertion, deletion, and substituation are all types of

A

Gene mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When do the chromosomes pull apart to opposite poles (ends) of the cell?

A

During Anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A, T, C, and G are the bases in

A

DNA
(A - Adenine

C - Cytosine
G - Guanine
T - Thymine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens during translation?

A

The tRNA reads the mRNA at the ribosomes to make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The two nitrogen bases in DNA that are purines are

A

Adenine and Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Label the chromosome

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A frame shift mutation is one in which

A

One nucleotide (letter) is inserted (added) or deleted (taken out of) a sequence

(NEVER substitutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is interphase?

A

The longest phase of the cell cycle including:

G1 - 1st growth phase
S - Synthesis (DNA Replication)

G2 - 2nd growth phase (inventory of cell and prep for cell division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Internal hormones that regulate the cell cycle are

A

Cyclins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The sugar in DNA is _____ and the sugar in RNA is _____

A
  • *D**NA = Deoxyribose
  • *R**NA = Ribose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The job of tRNA is to do what?

A

Read the mRNA at the ribosomes and help make proteins

The t in tRNA is for transfer/translate

(Carries the amino acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

3 letters in a row on a tRNA molecule - it carries over the amino acid that matches with the message on the mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is plant cell mitosis different from animal cell mitosis?

A

Plant - NO cleavage furrow, a cell plate forms to divide the cell

Animal - YES cleavage furrow, the cytoplasm is pinched to split the two cells

13
Q

A mutation that involves the substitution of one nucleotide (letter) for another

A

Point Mutation

14
Q

A large mass of cancer cells

A

Tumor

14
Q

Who or what does cancer affect?

A

All multicellular organisms

15
Q

What are three reasons a cell would have to divide?

A
  1. DNA Overload
  2. Cannot take in enough materials (resources) fast enough
  3. Cannot get rid of waste fast enough
16
Q

Which phase of mitosis is being described:

  • Chromosomes become visible
  • Nuclear membrane dissolves
  • Spindle forms
  • Centrioles move to poles of the cell (opposite ends)
A

Prophase

17
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

18
Q

During metaphase…

A
  • The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
  • The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
20
Q

True or False: Volume increases slower than surface area

A

FALSE.

Volume increases FASTER than surface area!

22
Q

The uncontrolled growth and reproduction of a cell

A

Cancer

24
Q

The two nitrogen bases in DNA that are pyrimidines are

A

Thymine and Cytosine

26
Q

3 letters in a row on mRNA is known as a ____ and is used to code for proteins

A

Codon

27
Q

The RNA that maintains (makes up) the ribosome is ____

A

rRNA
r = ribosome

28
Q

What allows cells to specialize?

A

Gene Regulation

(know this!)

29
Q

What are the two ways cells regulate cell division?

A
  1. Through internal regulators (cyclins)
  2. Through external regulators (touch)
30
Q

mRNA molecules are made from DNA molecules during _____ in the _____

A

Transcription in the Nucleus

31
Q

Which type of RNA copies the DNA from the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosome?

A

mRNA
m = message

33
Q

This is a picture of what molecule?

A

DNA

34
Q

How should the number of purines and the number of pyrimidines compare?

A

The number of purines should be equal to the number of pyrimidines

36
Q

During which phase of mitosis does the following occur:

  • Chromosomes become invisible
  • Nuclear membrane reforms
  • Cleavage furrow forms down the middle of the cell
A

Telophase

37
Q

Genes contain instructions for what

A

Making proteins

38
Q

What is replication? What is the result?

A

Making two exact copies of the DNA, each made up of one old strand and one new strand

39
Q

What are the two main phases of cell division? What happens in each?

A

Mitosis (division of the nucleus)
Cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)

40
Q

A nucleotide is the building block of ____ and is made up of what three things?

A

It is the building block of DNA and is made up of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogen base

41
Q

What is this?

A

The Genetic Code

Biology 101 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions