Test - Protein Synthesis, Cell Cycle, DNA Replication

Question 1

The bases in RNA are

Answer 1

A - Adenine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine
U - Uracil

Question 1

What is included in the cell cycle graphic?

Answer 1

Question 1

What do cells use for an external regulator of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

Touch

Question 2

The final products of mitosis are

Answer 2

2 identical daughter cells (identical to each other and the mother cell)

Question 3

An insertion, deletion, and substituation are all types of

Answer 3

Gene mutations

Question 3

When do the chromosomes pull apart to opposite poles (ends) of the cell?

Answer 3

During Anaphase

Question 4

A, T, C, and G are the bases in

Answer 4

DNA
(A - Adenine

C - Cytosine
G - Guanine
T - Thymine)

Question 4

What happens during translation?

Answer 4

The tRNA reads the mRNA at the ribosomes to make proteins

Question 5

The two nitrogen bases in DNA that are purines are

Answer 5

Adenine and Guanine

Question 6

Label the chromosome

Answer 6

Question 7

A frame shift mutation is one in which

Answer 7

One nucleotide (letter) is inserted (added) or deleted (taken out of) a sequence

(NEVER substitutes)

Question 7

What is interphase?

Answer 7

The longest phase of the cell cycle including:

G1 - 1st growth phase
S - Synthesis (DNA Replication)

G2 - 2nd growth phase (inventory of cell and prep for cell division)

Question 7

Internal hormones that regulate the cell cycle are

Answer 7

Cyclins

Question 8

The sugar in DNA is _____ and the sugar in RNA is _____

Answer 8

• *D**NA = Deoxyribose
• *R**NA = Ribose

Question 9

The job of tRNA is to do what?

Answer 9

Read the mRNA at the ribosomes and help make proteins

The t in tRNA is for transfer/translate

(Carries the amino acids)

Question 10

What is an anticodon?

Answer 10

3 letters in a row on a tRNA molecule - it carries over the amino acid that matches with the message on the mRNA

Question 12

How is plant cell mitosis different from animal cell mitosis?

Answer 12

Plant - NO cleavage furrow, a cell plate forms to divide the cell

Animal - YES cleavage furrow, the cytoplasm is pinched to split the two cells

Question 13

A mutation that involves the substitution of one nucleotide (letter) for another

Answer 13

Point Mutation

Question 14

A large mass of cancer cells

Answer 14

Tumor

Question 14

Who or what does cancer affect?

Answer 14

All multicellular organisms

Question 15

What are three reasons a cell would have to divide?

Answer 15

1. DNA Overload
2. Cannot take in enough materials (resources) fast enough
3. Cannot get rid of waste fast enough

Question 16

Which phase of mitosis is being described:

• Chromosomes become visible
• Nuclear membrane dissolves
• Spindle forms
• Centrioles move to poles of the cell (opposite ends)

Answer 16

Prophase

Question 17

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 17

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 18

During metaphase…

Answer 18

• The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

Question 20

True or False: Volume increases slower than surface area

Answer 20

FALSE. _Volume_ increases **FASTER** than surface area!

Question 22

The uncontrolled growth and reproduction of a cell

Answer 22

Cancer

Question 24

The two nitrogen bases in DNA that are pyrimidines are

Answer 24

Thymine and Cytosine

Question 26

3 letters in a row on mRNA is known as a ____ and is used to code for proteins

Answer 26

Codon

Question 27

The RNA that maintains (makes up) the ribosome is \_\_\_\_

Answer 27

rRNA r = ribosome

Question 28

What allows cells to specialize?

Answer 28

Gene Regulation | (know this!)

Question 29

What are the two ways cells regulate cell division?

Answer 29

1. Through internal regulators (cyclins) 2. Through external regulators (touch)

Question 30

mRNA molecules are made from DNA molecules during _____ in the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

Transcription in the Nucleus

Question 31

Which type of RNA copies the DNA from the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosome?

Answer 31

mRNA m = message

Question 33

This is a picture of what molecule?

Answer 33

DNA

Question 34

How should the number of purines and the number of pyrimidines compare?

Answer 34

The number of purines should be equal to the number of pyrimidines

Question 36

During which phase of mitosis does the following occur: - Chromosomes become invisible - Nuclear membrane reforms - Cleavage furrow forms down the middle of the cell

Answer 36

Telophase

Question 37

Genes contain instructions for what

Answer 37

Making proteins

Question 38

What is replication? What is the result?

Answer 38

Making two exact copies of the DNA, each made up of one old strand and one new strand

Question 39

What are the two main phases of cell division? What happens in each?

Answer 39

Mitosis (division of the nucleus) Cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)

Question 40

A nucleotide is the building block of ____ and is made up of what three things?

Answer 40

It is the building block of DNA and is made up of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogen base

Question 41

What is this?

Answer 41

The Genetic Code