Ecology and Plants Flashcards
Species are grouped into
Populations
How does energy move through the environment?
Energy moves ONE WAY. It does NOT recycle.
A multicellular eukaryote that does photosynthesis
Plant
How do the vascular bundles of monocots differ from dicots?
Monocots - vascular bundles are scattered
Dicots - vascular bundles form a ring
What is the primary role of the leaves?
Photosynthesis
How would water from a plant end up in the atmosphere?
Through the process of transpiration
Transpiration - the release of water into the air by plants
Compare and Contrast Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect
Global Warming - Increase in the Earth’s temperature from the build-up of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Greenhouse Effect - The natural process that keeps the Earth warm
What four structures make up the pistil, and what does each one do?
Stigma - sticky part that catches pollen
Style - connects the stigma to the ovary and allows for pollen tubes to travel down to the eggs
Ovary - holds the eggs (ovules, seeds)
Ovules - seeds (eggs)
Plants are able to respond to their environment because of
Hormones
Roots turn down into the soil because of
Gravitropism
A group that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
Species
What is the function of the roots?
Hold the plan in place, absorb water and nutrients
How do materials (such as carbon, nitrogen, and water) move through the environment?
They are CYCLED
Volcanic eruptions are examples of
Geochemical processes
Which level of organization is described as different populations living together?
Community
What are the two most important factors in climate?
Temperature and humidity (moisture)
These types of plants complete their life cycle in one growing season
Annuals
The function of this structure is to hold up the leaves, as well as transport water and glucose to different areas of the plant
Stem
The change of water from liquid to gas, thus moving it from ponds, lakes, oceans, etc. to the air
Evaporation
Place the following terms in order from smallest to largest:
Population, Ecosystem, Community, Biosphere, Species
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
The breaking down of organic matter releases what substance back into the soil
Nitrates (nitrogen cycle)
How does climate differ from weather?
Climate - average conditions year after year
Weather - day to day conditions
The plants responses to the environmental stimuli are called
Tropisms
How does the role of xylem in plants differ from the role of phloem?
Xylem carries water up from the roots
Phloem carries sugar down from the leaves
Describe the symbiotic relationships below and provide an example:
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism - Good/I don’t care (whale/barnacle)
Mutualism - Good/Good (flower/bee)
Parasitism - Good/Bad (tick/dog)
Compare and Contrast Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Angiosperms - flower plants with fruits, flat leaves, and dormancy periods
Gymnosperms - pine trees or junipers (cone plants), with needles or scales, and no dormancy period
What is combustion
The burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil)
An organism that is able to make is own food is known as a(n)
An autotroph
A producer
The rings of a tree can tell us
The age of the tree (number of rings = number of years old)
Growing conditions of each year (thick ring = good growing season, thin ring = bad growing season)
Phototropism causes
Plant leaves to turn towards the sun
What do plants use sunlight for?
Photosynthesis (produce their own food)
What is precipitation?
The movement of water from the air to the ground (Ex. rain)
How does an omnivore differ from a herbivore?
Omnivores eat plants and animals
Herbivores eat only plants
What is the lowest level that includes both living and nonliving things
Ecosystem
These plants live for more than 2 years
Perennials
An opening under the leaf that allows for gas exchange
Stomata (guard cells)
What is a stolon?
A horizontal stem from a mother plant to a baby plant (Ex. Strawberry plant)
Something that causes a population size to level off or decline is a ______.
Limiting factor
(Ex. Water in the desert)
The process by which bacteria put nitrogen (nitrates) into the soil from the air
Nitrogen Fixation
The female parts of the flower are included in the
Pistil
All the combined portions of earth where living things exist
Biosphere
Consume other organisms for energy
Heterotroph
Consumer
Describe how a food chain is different than a food web
Food chains are a single pathway of who eats who movement of energy
Food webs are interactions of many who eats who movements of energy
The reproductive structure of angiosperms is a
Flower
A ripened ovary that carries seeds
Fruit
How much energy moves from one trophic level to the next? What happens to the rest?
10%
Lost as heat!
Which type of plant lives for two growing seasons, the first season for growth and the second for reproduction?
Biennials
What is a period of decreased activity in a plant?
Dormancy
The giving off of carbon dioxide by living organisms (breathing)
Respiration
How do plants take nitrates from the soil for use in their tissues?
Through the process of assimilation
The release of nitrogen by bacteria from the soil back into the air is known as
Denitrification
How does primary growth differ from secondary growth?
Primary growth - increases the height of the plant at the tips of shoots or branches
Secondary growth - increases the girth (width) of the plant by adding rings to the trunk
Obtain nutrients by breaking down dead organisms
Decomposer
Biotic means _______ and abiotic means _______
Biotic = living
Abiotic = nonliving (rocks, water, air)
What is included in the stamen of the flower, and what does each part do?
Stamen is made up of the Anther and Filament
Anther - makes pollen
Filament - holds up the anther
Compare and contrast monocots and dicots
Monocots: 3 petals, parallel veins in leaves, shallow roots, long narrow leaves
Dicots: 4-5 petals, branching veins in leaves, long deep taproot, broad flat leaves
What do plants do with the carbon dioxide they take in?
Use it for photosynthesis to produce glucose
How do clouds form in the air?
Through the condensation of water
