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Biology 101 > Ecology and Plants > Flashcards

Ecology and Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Species are grouped into

A

Populations

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1
Q

How does energy move through the environment?

A

Energy moves ONE WAY. It does NOT recycle.

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1
Q

A multicellular eukaryote that does photosynthesis

A

Plant

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1
Q

How do the vascular bundles of monocots differ from dicots?

A

Monocots - vascular bundles are scattered

Dicots - vascular bundles form a ring

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1
Q

What is the primary role of the leaves?

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

How would water from a plant end up in the atmosphere?

A

Through the process of transpiration

Transpiration - the release of water into the air by plants

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3
Q

Compare and Contrast Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect

A

Global Warming - Increase in the Earth’s temperature from the build-up of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Greenhouse Effect - The natural process that keeps the Earth warm

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3
Q

What four structures make up the pistil, and what does each one do?

A

Stigma - sticky part that catches pollen

Style - connects the stigma to the ovary and allows for pollen tubes to travel down to the eggs

Ovary - holds the eggs (ovules, seeds)

Ovules - seeds (eggs)

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3
Q

Plants are able to respond to their environment because of

A

Hormones

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3
Q

Roots turn down into the soil because of

A

Gravitropism

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4
Q

A group that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

A

Species

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5
Q

What is the function of the roots?

A

Hold the plan in place, absorb water and nutrients

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6
Q

How do materials (such as carbon, nitrogen, and water) move through the environment?

A

They are CYCLED

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6
Q

Volcanic eruptions are examples of

A

Geochemical processes

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7
Q

Which level of organization is described as different populations living together?

A

Community

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8
Q

What are the two most important factors in climate?

A

Temperature and humidity (moisture)

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9
Q

These types of plants complete their life cycle in one growing season

A

Annuals

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9
Q

The function of this structure is to hold up the leaves, as well as transport water and glucose to different areas of the plant

A

Stem

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10
Q

The change of water from liquid to gas, thus moving it from ponds, lakes, oceans, etc. to the air

A

Evaporation

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12
Q

Place the following terms in order from smallest to largest:
Population, Ecosystem, Community, Biosphere, Species

A

Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

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13
Q

The breaking down of organic matter releases what substance back into the soil

A

Nitrates (nitrogen cycle)

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14
Q

How does climate differ from weather?

A

Climate - average conditions year after year

Weather - day to day conditions

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16
Q

The plants responses to the environmental stimuli are called

A

Tropisms

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17
Q

How does the role of xylem in plants differ from the role of phloem?

A

Xylem carries water up from the roots

Phloem carries sugar down from the leaves

18
Q

Describe the symbiotic relationships below and provide an example:
Commensalism

Mutualism

Parasitism

A

Commensalism - Good/I don’t care (whale/barnacle)

Mutualism - Good/Good (flower/bee)

Parasitism - Good/Bad (tick/dog)

19
Q

Compare and Contrast Angiosperms and Gymnosperms

A

Angiosperms - flower plants with fruits, flat leaves, and dormancy periods

Gymnosperms - pine trees or junipers (cone plants), with needles or scales, and no dormancy period

20
Q

What is combustion

A

The burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil)

21
Q

An organism that is able to make is own food is known as a(n)

A

An autotroph
A producer

22
Q

The rings of a tree can tell us

A

The age of the tree (number of rings = number of years old)

Growing conditions of each year (thick ring = good growing season, thin ring = bad growing season)

24
Q

Phototropism causes

A

Plant leaves to turn towards the sun

25
Q

What do plants use sunlight for?

A

Photosynthesis (produce their own food)

26
Q

What is precipitation?

A

The movement of water from the air to the ground (Ex. rain)

27
Q

How does an omnivore differ from a herbivore?

A

Omnivores eat plants and animals

Herbivores eat only plants

28
Q

What is the lowest level that includes both living and nonliving things

A

Ecosystem

30
Q

These plants live for more than 2 years

A

Perennials

32
Q

An opening under the leaf that allows for gas exchange

A

Stomata (guard cells)

33
Q

What is a stolon?

A

A horizontal stem from a mother plant to a baby plant (Ex. Strawberry plant)

35
Q

Something that causes a population size to level off or decline is a ______.

A

Limiting factor

(Ex. Water in the desert)

36
Q

The process by which bacteria put nitrogen (nitrates) into the soil from the air

A

Nitrogen Fixation

38
Q

The female parts of the flower are included in the

A

Pistil

40
Q

All the combined portions of earth where living things exist

A

Biosphere

41
Q

Consume other organisms for energy

A

Heterotroph

Consumer

42
Q

Describe how a food chain is different than a food web

A

Food chains are a single pathway of who eats who movement of energy

Food webs are interactions of many who eats who movements of energy

43
Q

The reproductive structure of angiosperms is a

A

Flower

44
Q

A ripened ovary that carries seeds

A

Fruit

45
Q

How much energy moves from one trophic level to the next? What happens to the rest?

A

10%

Lost as heat!

46
Q

Which type of plant lives for two growing seasons, the first season for growth and the second for reproduction?

A

Biennials

47
Q

What is a period of decreased activity in a plant?

A

Dormancy

48
Q

The giving off of carbon dioxide by living organisms (breathing)

A

Respiration

49
Q

How do plants take nitrates from the soil for use in their tissues?

A

Through the process of assimilation

50
Q

The release of nitrogen by bacteria from the soil back into the air is known as

A

Denitrification

52
Q

How does primary growth differ from secondary growth?

A

Primary growth - increases the height of the plant at the tips of shoots or branches

Secondary growth - increases the girth (width) of the plant by adding rings to the trunk

53
Q

Obtain nutrients by breaking down dead organisms

A

Decomposer

54
Q

Biotic means _______ and abiotic means _______

A

Biotic = living

Abiotic = nonliving (rocks, water, air)

55
Q

What is included in the stamen of the flower, and what does each part do?

A

Stamen is made up of the Anther and Filament

Anther - makes pollen

Filament - holds up the anther

56
Q

Compare and contrast monocots and dicots

A

Monocots: 3 petals, parallel veins in leaves, shallow roots, long narrow leaves

Dicots: 4-5 petals, branching veins in leaves, long deep taproot, broad flat leaves

57
Q

What do plants do with the carbon dioxide they take in?

A

Use it for photosynthesis to produce glucose

58
Q

How do clouds form in the air?

A

Through the condensation of water

Biology 101 (16 decks)

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