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Biology 101 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the first person to see cork cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

The scientist that coined the term “cell”

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

Leeuwenhoek was responsible for

A

being the first man to see “living/moving” cells in pond water

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4
Q

These three scientists are responsible for coming up with modern cell theory

A

Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow

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5
Q

What are the three parts of cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life
  3. New cells can only come from existing cells
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6
Q

True or False: Living cells can arise from other cells, even if they are no longer living.

A

False

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7
Q

Does not contain any membrane bound organelles

A

Prokaryote

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8
Q

Has no nucleus

A

Prokaryote

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9
Q

The earliest type of cell

A

Prokaryotes

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10
Q

What type of cell is only found in bacteria?

A

Prokaryote

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11
Q

Why does the volume to surface area ratio matter to cells?

A
  • The volume increases faster than the surface area.
  • If the volume gets too big, the surface area won’t be large enough and the cell won’t be able to expel enough waste or import enough nutrients
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12
Q

Why are cells small?

A
  1. The ratio of volume to surface area limits how large the cell can be
  2. The nucleus can only control a certain amount of cytoplasm
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13
Q

Contains membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryote

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14
Q

Has a defined nucleus

A

Eukaryote

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15
Q

Is found in more complex organisms

A

Eukaryote

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16
Q

These types of cells are able to specialize

A

Eukaryote

17
Q

What is cell specialization?

A

The ability of eukaryotic cells to do one specific function (ex. heart cell, nerve cell, blood cell)

Shape is related to function

18
Q

What are the two main parts cells are divided into?

A

The nucleus and the cytoplasm

19
Q

The organelle responsible for containing the cell’s DNA

A

Nucleus

20
Q

Which organelle contains the instructions for making proteins?

A

The nucleus

The instructions are found in the DNA

21
Q

Surrounds the nucleus, lets things in and out

A

Nuclear membrane

22
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

The inner portion of the nucleus that is responsible for the production of ribosomes

23
Q

The jelly-like substance outside of the nucleus where most chemical reactions take place

A

Cytoplasm

24
Q

Which organelle functions like roadways in the cell by transporting materials?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

25
Q

Helps in making lipids

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

26
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials (UPS)

27
Q

Contains digestive enzymes

A

Lysosome

28
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

Cleans up dead/excess materials (janitor)

29
Q

The powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

Which organelle uses materials to make energy for the cell?

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Makes proteins

32
Q

Stores water and other materials

A

Vacuole

33
Q

Do NOTHING except during ______

A

Centrioles; cell division

34
Q

Help maintain the shape of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

35
Q

Flexible material that surrounds the cell, allows things in and out

A

Cell Membrane

36
Q

Rigid structure outside of the cell membrane; supplies structure and strength to the cell

A

Cell Wall

37
Q

Chloroplasts’ function are to

A

Use energy from the sun to do photosynthesis (make plant food)

38
Q

How are cilia different from flagella?

A

Cilia are hair-like structures that form around the outside of the entire cell

Flagella are whip-like (tails) and only a couple of them can be found on the outside of some cells

Both are organelles for cell movement

39
Q

Why are cells small?

A
  1. They’re limited by the ratio of surface area to volume

(volume increases faster than surface area)

  1. The nucleus can only control a certain amount of active, living cytoplasm

Biology 101 (16 decks)

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