Evolution/Natural Selection/Taxonomy

Question 1

What is artificial selection?

Answer 1

Humans select individuals to breed for a specific trait

Question 2

The two main sources of genetic variation are

Answer 2

1. Mutation (any change in DNA)
2. Gene shuffling (random rearranging of genes in gametes - more common)

Question 3

Which scientist is responsible for publishing “On the Origin of Species” ?

Answer 3

Charles Darwin

Question 3

What type of reproduction results in more genetic variation?

Answer 3

Sexual

Question 4

Preserved remains of ancient organisms

Answer 4

Fossils

Question 4

Same structure different function

Answer 4

Homologous structures

Question 4

List the five things that would cause the allele frequency to change

Answer 4

1. Small population size
2. Nonrandom mating
3. Mutations
4. Gene flow (movement into or out of a population)
5. Adaptations (natural selection)

Question 6

Change over time

Answer 6

Evolution

Question 8

What five conditions are required for the allele frequency to remain constant?

Answer 8

1. Large population
2. Random mating
3. No mutations
4. No movement into or out of a population (no gene flow)
5. No natural selection (adaptations)

Question 9

Random change in the allele frequency

Answer 9

Genetic drift

Question 10

Different structure same function

Answer 10

Analogous structures

Question 11

What is Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Answer 11

Individuals that have a physical or behavioral trait that better suit their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 12

What was the name of Darwin’s ship?

Answer 12

The Beagle

Question 13

Define speciation

Answer 13

The formation of a new species

Question 14

The ability to survive and reproduce

Answer 14

Fitness

Question 15

What is most important in determining who evolved from whom?

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

Inherited characteristics that increase an organism’s chance to survive

Answer 16

Adaptation

Question 18

What is a gene pool?

Answer 18

All of the genes in a given population

Question 19

Where did Darwin do most of his study? Why?

Answer 19

Galapagos Islands. The organisms varied among the different environments but were still similar to each other and the main land (South America)

Question 20

Which principle states that the allele frequency will remain constant unless something changes it

Answer 20

Hardy-Weinberg

Question 21

Natural selection acts directly upon what?

Answer 21

Phenotypes

Question 22

What are the 7 levels in Linnaeus’s system?

Answer 22

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 23

If two organisms belong to the same class, they have which other taxa in common?

Answer 23

Domain, kingdom, phylum

Question 24

Which level in taxonomy contains the most diverse group of organisms?

Answer 24

Domain

Ex. Domain Eukarya contains all eukaryotes

Question 25

What is the scientific two word naming system? Which two taxa are used?

Answer 25

Binomial nomenclature Genus & species

Question 26

How is binomial nomenclature written?

Answer 26

Genus is first, species is second. Both are in Italics and the first letter of the genus is capitalized. Ex. *Homo sapien, Felis catus, Lupus familiarus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus...*

Question 27

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the two bacterial kingdoms

Answer 27

Eubacteria - heterotrophic or autotrophic, unicellular, prokaryotic, cell walls DO contain peptidoglycan Archaebacteria - heterotrophic or autotrophic, unicellular, prokaryotic, cell walls DO NOT contain peptidoglycan

Question 28

What is a characteristic common to all members of domain eukarya?

Answer 28

They're all eukaryotes so they all have nuclei (a nucleus)

Question 29

What did traditional classification systems rely on? (classification systems before the one we use now)

Answer 29

They relied on grouping things by their physical appearance

Question 30

What is the most important tool scientists have for identifying who evolved from who?

Answer 30

**DNA!!!!!!**