Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell are ____
Genes
What are the generalized steps of protein synthesis?
- Copy parts of the nucleotide from DNA into RNA
- Read the RNA molecule and code information for protein
Where does transcription take place?
Why?
In the nucleus because DNA is in the nucleus and because the mRNA is made from the DNA
Where does translation take place?
At the ribosome
Where can DNA be found?
Only in the nucleus
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA
DNA: 1. Double stranded
- Sugar is deoxyribose
- Has Thymine as a base
RNA: 1. Single stranded
- Sugar is ribose
- Has Uracil as a base
The RNA molecule that travels from the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA
Carries the information from the nucleus
mRNA
A codon is three letters in a row in ____
mRNA
When mRNA is made from DNA the process is called
Transcription
What nitrogen bases are found in DNA and which bases pair together?
Adenine pairs with Thymine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine
Which nitrogen bases can be found in RNA and which bases pair together?
Uracil pairs with Adenine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine
Where in the cell would we find a tRNA molecule?
In ribosomes
An anticodon is ____
3 letters in a row in a tRNA molecule
rRNA is only found in ___
Ribosomes
Which section of DNA gets read by the mRNA?
Exons
(Exons get expressed)
These sections of DNA do not get read by the mRNA
Introns
A mutation where only ONE base gets changed in the DNA sequence
Point mutation
Another term for a point mutation
Substitution
Insertions and deletions are what type of mutation?
Frameshift - changes ALL amino acids in the chain past the insertion/deletion
Downs syndrome is an example of _____
Trisomy
It’s trisomy 21 (having three chromosome number 21’s)
Transcribe the following DNA sequence:
ATC CTG GGA TCC CAA
mRNA: UAG GAC CCU AGG GUU
Given the following sequence, what would the corresponding DNA sequence be? Why?
tRNA: UAG GUC CAU CCA
DNA: TAG GTC CAT CCA
The first sequence was in tRNA. tRNA matches with mRNA. The mRNA sequence would be:
AUC CAG GUA GGU
The DNA sequence also matches with the mRNA, so you have to find the mRNA from the tRNA first.
Which amino acid appears first in every translation?
Met (methionine)
Transcribe and translate the following sequence (using the Genetic Codon Chart)
DNA: TAC-GGA-CTC-TGA-CAT-CAT-ATT
mRNA: AUG-CCU-GAG-ACU-GUA-GUA-UAA
Amino Acids (AA): Met, Pro, Glu, Thr, Val, Val, STOP
