Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell are ____

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

What are the generalized steps of protein synthesis?

Answer 2

1. Copy parts of the nucleotide from DNA into RNA
2. Read the RNA molecule and code information for protein

Question 3

Where does transcription take place?
Why?

Answer 3

In the nucleus because DNA is in the nucleus and because the mRNA is made from the DNA

Question 4

Where does translation take place?

Answer 4

At the ribosome

Question 5

Where can DNA be found?

Answer 5

Only in the nucleus

Question 6

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA

Answer 6

DNA: 1. Double stranded

2. Sugar is deoxyribose
3. Has Thymine as a base

RNA: 1. Single stranded

2. Sugar is ribose
3. Has Uracil as a base

Question 7

The RNA molecule that travels from the nucleus to the ribosome

Answer 7

mRNA

Question 8

Carries the information from the nucleus

Answer 8

mRNA

Question 9

A codon is three letters in a row in ____

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

When mRNA is made from DNA the process is called

Answer 10

Transcription

Question 11

What nitrogen bases are found in DNA and which bases pair together?

Answer 11

Adenine pairs with Thymine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 12

Which nitrogen bases can be found in RNA and which bases pair together?

Answer 12

Uracil pairs with Adenine

Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 13

Where in the cell would we find a tRNA molecule?

Answer 13

In ribosomes

Question 14

An anticodon is ____

Answer 14

3 letters in a row in a tRNA molecule

Question 15

rRNA is only found in ___

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

Which section of DNA gets read by the mRNA?

Answer 16

Exons

(Exons get expressed)

Question 17

These sections of DNA do not get read by the mRNA

Answer 17

Introns

Question 18

A mutation where only ONE base gets changed in the DNA sequence

Answer 18

Point mutation

Question 19

Another term for a point mutation

Answer 19

Substitution

Question 20

Insertions and deletions are what type of mutation?

Answer 20

Frameshift - changes ALL amino acids in the chain past the insertion/deletion

Question 21

Downs syndrome is an example of _____

Answer 21

Trisomy
It’s trisomy 21 (having three chromosome number 21’s)

Question 22

Transcribe the following DNA sequence:

ATC CTG GGA TCC CAA

Answer 22

mRNA: UAG GAC CCU AGG GUU

Question 23

Given the following sequence, what would the corresponding DNA sequence be? Why?

tRNA: UAG GUC CAU CCA

Answer 23

DNA: TAG GTC CAT CCA

The first sequence was in tRNA. tRNA matches with mRNA. The mRNA sequence would be:

AUC CAG GUA GGU

The DNA sequence also matches with the mRNA, so you have to find the mRNA from the tRNA first.

Question 24

Which amino acid appears first in every translation?

Answer 24

Met (methionine)

Question 25

Transcribe and translate the following sequence (using the Genetic Codon Chart)
DNA: TAC-GGA-CTC-TGA-CAT-CAT-ATT

Answer 25

mRNA: AUG-CCU-GAG-ACU-GUA-GUA-UAA

Amino Acids (AA): Met, Pro, Glu, Thr, Val, Val, STOP