Integumentary and Immune Systems

Question 1

This layer of the skin is the outer layer, a thin portion composed of both living and dead cells, with the top layer being 25-30 layers of dead flattened cells

Answer 1

Epidermis

Question 2

Which layer of skin is the functional layer?

Answer 2

Dermis

Question 3

How many types of specific immune responses are there?

Answer 3

2

Question 3

The sudden and severe allergic reaction to a substance that can cause death

Answer 3

Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

Question 4

Pathogens are foreign invaders that are ________, including:

Answer 4

Living

Protists

Fungi

Bacteria

Worms

Viruses (though not technically living)

Question 5

What do antibodies do during an allergic reaction?

Answer 5

They cause histamines to be released from mast cells

Question 5

_________ is another term for the hypodermis

Answer 5

Subcutaneous layer

Question 6

The skin protects from

Answer 6

UV rays

Injury

Infection

Question 7

What is the immune system designed to do?

Answer 7

Help protect us from pathogens

Question 7

What senses can be felt by the skin?

Answer 7

Cold

Heat

Pain

Pressure

Question 7

Which layer of the skin absorbs shock?

Answer 7

Hypodermis

Question 8

Blisters and scarring can be found typically with

Answer 8

Second degree burns

Question 9

Which response involves the creation of antibodies?

Answer 9

Third line of defense

Question 10

What would you expect to see from a first degree burn?

Answer 10

Redness and mild pain

Ex. sunburn

Question 11

How does mucus aid the immune system

Answer 11

Traps dirt and microbes

Question 12

What does it mean to be a nonspecific line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 12

It protects against all antigens and pathogens, and doesn’t target anything in particular

Question 13

Why do wrinkles appear with age?

Answer 13

Loss of elasticity (elastin)

Question 14

What are the roles of the proteins found in the epidermis?

Answer 14

Keratin - helps waterproof and protect the living cells beneath; makes up hair and nails

Melanin - colored pigment that protects cells from damage from solar radiation (UV light)

Question 15

A disease where the immune system attacks itself

Answer 15

Autoimmune disease

Question 17

Other than macrophages/phagocytes, the second line of defense includes:

Answer 17

Inflammation (pain, swelling)

Fever

Question 18

When is the second line of defense necessary?

Answer 18

Only when the first line of defense is penetrated

Question 19

A normally harmless substance that causes and allergic reaction

Answer 19

Allergen

Question 20

How do T cells differ from B cells?

Answer 20

T Cells are either killers or helpers

B cells are used for memory to remember the pathogens and create antibodies

Question 21

How are burns rated?

Answer 21

According to severity

Question 23

A fever is useful to the immune system because it

Answer 23

Slows the growth/reproduction of bacteria

Question 25

How does active immunity differ from passive immunity?

Answer 25

Active immunity is where your body is "actively" producing antibodies to fight the infection and your body is making the immunity. Passive immunity is "borrowed", like from a mother to a baby through breast feeding. The antibodies are passed on, and are only temporary (lasts for a short period of time).

Question 26

The three main layers of the skin are

Answer 26

Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Question 28

Nonliving molecules that are recognized by the immune system are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, such as:

Answer 28

Antigens Pollen Hair Dust

Question 30

This is present in the stomach and kills harmful microbes

Answer 30

Hydrochloric acid

Question 31

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 31

Calls white blood cells to the infected area

Question 31

The 3 major types of skin cancer are

Answer 31

Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma (deadliest)

Question 32

How does the primary response differ from the secondary response?

Answer 32

The primary response takes longer for the antibodies to be created, this happens the first time the pathogen infects the body The secondary response is a more rapid response and happens the second (or third...) time the invader enters the body. Antibody production increases dramatically in a much shorter time period.

Question 32

This is the most severe type of burn, and extends to the hypodermis, destroying epidermal and dermal cells

Answer 32

Third degree burn

Question 33

What is an allergy?

Answer 33

An exaggerated response by the immune system to an allergen

Question 35

Two ways of treating allergies

Answer 35

Antihistamines Epinephrine

Question 36

Which system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by recognizing harmful organisms and responding?

Answer 36

Immune System

Question 37

What causes an autoimmune disease?

Answer 37

The body stops being able to recognize self from non-self

Question 38

How are antibodies different from antibiotics?

Answer 38

Antibodies are produced by your body and fight either bacterial OR viral infection Antibiotics are medicines that fight ONLY bacterial infections, NOT viral

Question 39

Compare the two types of allergic reactions.

Answer 39

Immediate: occurs within seconds and lasts for about 30 minutes Delayed: takes longer to react and can last for a much longer period of time

Question 40

What are the effects of histamines?

Answer 40

Swelling of tissues Release of fluids (runny noses and eyes) Muscle spasms in some cases

Question 41

The physical barrier in the immune system

Answer 41

Skin

Question 42

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 42

Protection Regulates body temperature Removes waste from body Sense organ

Question 43

A specific response to a specific pathogen or antigen is which line of defense

Answer 43

Third line of defense

Question 45

Which organelle aids the macrophages in targeting pathogens?

Answer 45

Lysosomes

Question 45

Blood vessels, nerves, nerve endings, sweat and oil glands, and hair follicles are found in the

Answer 45

Dermis

Question 46

Vaccines create what type of immunity?

Answer 46

Active immunity

Question 47

A B C D E What do they stand for?

Answer 47

Assymetry Borders Color Diameter Evolving

Question 48

This layer is not considered a layer of the skin

Answer 48

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 49

What are the roles of the hypodermis?

Answer 49

Absorbs shock Insulates the deeper tissues from extreme temperature changes

Question 50

These cells eat pathogens

Answer 50

White blood cells, specifically phagocytes/macrophages

Question 51

Which line of defense is the specific line of defense?

Answer 51

Third line of defense

Question 52

What is found in saliva and tears that aid the first line of defense?

Answer 52

Antibacterial enzymes