Test on 9/11-9/12

Question 1

Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of _______________________

Answer 1

Eastern Mediterranean

Question 2

What was one of the strongest similarities between the Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Harappan (Indus Valley), and Chinese civilizations?

Answer 2

located near great river system

Question 3

The Agricultural Revolution allowed all of the following transformations in human culture to take place EXCEPT:

Answer 3

a decrease in human population

Question 4

Indian prince whose exposure to human suffering led him to develop a path to Enlightenment that became the basis for the emerging religious tradition of Buddhism

Answer 4

Siddhartha Gautama

Question 5

“Old Stone Age,” humans sustained themselves by foraging: gathering wild foods, hunting live animals, and fishing

Answer 5

Paleolithic Era

Question 6

Chinese dynasty (206 b.C. -AD 220) that emerged after the Qin dynasty collapsed, establishing political and cultural patterns that lasted into the twentieth century.

Answer 6

Han Dynasty

Question 7

perhaps the most transformative process in all of human history: refers to the domestication of plants and animals, which led to both farming and pastoral societies

Answer 7

Agricultural Revolution

Question 8

region known as SW Asia sometimes, includes modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; earliest home of agriculture

Answer 8

Fertile Cresent

Question 9

human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; pastoral nomads lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location

Answer 9

Pastoral Society

Question 10

Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.

Answer 10

Confucianism

Question 11

the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gave a much greater role to supernatural beings and to compassion and proved to be more popular than original Buddhism.

Answer 11

Mahayana Buddhism

Question 12

gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement

Answer 12

diffusion

Question 13

“Teachings of the Elders” the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine; emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.

Answer 13

Theravada Buddhism

Question 14

social system in which women have been made subordinate to men in the family and in society; often linked to the development of plow-based agriculture, intensive warfare, and private property

Answer 14

Patriarchy

Question 15

A religion based on the many beliefs, practices, sects, rituals, and philosophies in India.

Answer 15

Hinduism

Question 16

Meaning “worship,” this Hindu movement began in south India and moved northward between 600 and 1300; involved the intense adoration of and identification with a particular deity through songs, prayers, and rituals.

Answer 16

Bhakti Movement

Question 17

Indian mystical and philosophical works written between 800 and 400 b.c.e.

Answer 17

Upanishands

Question 18

Chinese philosophy or popular religion that advocates a simple and unpretentious way of living and alignment with the natural world, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.

Answer 18

Daosim

Question 19

What was the attitude of Buddhism toward the caste system?

Answer 19

Buddhists rejected the caste system and admitted untouchables and women as members of the faith

Question 20

Which of the following was an important reason for the fall of the Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires?

Answer 20

intensified invasions and security issues along their frontiers

Question 21

Which of the following most accurately describes Confucius?

Answer 21

a social philosopher obsessed with the need for order and harmony

Question 22

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship of civilization and writing is correct?

Answer 22

Writing allowed for the keeping of complex records and the establishment of formal bureaucracies.

Question 23

The most significant contribution of the early Jewish state to western civilization

Answer 23

the development of a strong monotheistic religion.

Question 24

Most early civilizations before 600 BCE shared which of the following characteristics?

Answer 24

Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems

Question 25

All of the following are characteristic of civilization EXCEPT

Answer 25

reliance on hunting and gathering.

Question 26

The “Mandate of Heaven” was a belief held by Chinese that:

Answer 26

a good ruler possessed a divine right to govern fairly and justly.

Question 27

Between 200 B.C.E. and 200 C.E., the Silk Roads facilitated commodity trade between which of the following pairs of empires?

Answer 27

The Roman and Han

Question 28

All of the following were common consequences of the fall of the Western Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires (200-600 CE) EXCEPT:

Answer 28

The spread of Christianity was limited to areas around the eastern Mediterranean.

Question 29

Which of the following is a significant difference between early Christianity and early Judaism?

Answer 29

The Roman Empire sought to eradicate Christianity but not Judaism.

Question 30

The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism before 600 CE had all of the following in common EXCEPT:

Answer 30

the founders of both presented themselves as divine.

Question 31

Which of the following is a major difference between the social structures of China and India b/t 600 B.C.E. and 600 C.E.?

Answer 31

Confucian social hierarchy privileged government officials.

Question 32

The agricultural developments described in the passage contributed most directly to which of the following?

A. The development of new forms of coerced labor in East Asia
B. Population growth and urbanization in southern China
C. Changes in gendered forms of labor in Chinese agriculture
D. The increased export of luxury goods from China to the Indian Ocean trade network

Answer 32

B. Population growth and urbanization in southern China

Question 33

Which of the following made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops described in the passage?

A. The creation of new forms of governance in China during the Song dynasty
B. The diffusion of Buddhism into China
C. The intensification of regional trade networks in East and South Asia
D. The creation of diasporic trade communities along the Silk Road

Answer 33

C. The intensification of regional trade networks in East and South Asia

Question 34

Ashoka was a(n)

A) charismatic Hindu warrior of the Gupta Dynasty
B) Indian Ocean merchant who taught as he traveled
C) monk who established monasteries in wide areas to promote his beliefs
D) Mauryan king who converted and spread his new belief by erecting pillars

Answer 34

D) Mauryan king who converted and spread his new belief by erecting pillars

Question 35

Which of the following conclusions could most reasonably be drawn from the evidence above?
A) Strict rules and clearly defined punishments made this belief system attractive in a chaotic world.
B) This belief system was attractive to a diverse population because it claims a single truth that all must follow.
C) This belief system spread in part because doctrines it expressed were similar to some of the ideas in the pre-existing religions.
D) This belief system focuses on political doctrine.

Answer 35

C) This belief system spread in part because doctrines it expressed were similar to some of the ideas in the pre-existing religions.

Question 36

Which of the following best describes the pattern shown on this map?
a. Independent development of religion
b. Gradual diffusion of religion
c. Differentiation of religious concepts
d. Variation of beliefs within a religion

Answer 36

b. Gradual diffusion of religion

Question 37

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Christianity and Buddhism by ca. 500 C.E.?
a. Neither used violent force to add converts to the faith.
b. No changes were made in either religion’s teachings as they spread.
c. Both had one recognized earthly leader who defended the faith of the founding deity.
d. Both challenged the predominant religion in their places of origin.

Answer 37

a. Neither used violent force to add converts to the faith.

Question 38

As Christianity and Buddhism spread throughout Eurasia, which of these social influences did they both have?
a. Christianity and Buddhism favored the elites of society in their teachings on achieving a good afterlife.
b. Christianity and Buddhism promoted the violent upheaval of traditional social structures.
c. Christianity and Buddhism offered women an escape from traditional gender roles through monastic living.
d. Buddhism and Christianity encouraged women to challenge the spiritual authority of their husbands and fathers.

Answer 38

c. Christianity and Buddhism offered women an escape from traditional gender roles through monastic living.

Question 39

The monotheistic religion developed in the Middle East by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yah- weh) with concerns for social justice.

Answer 39

Judaism

Question 40

A peasant/artisan “wisdom teacher” and Jewish mystic (ca. 4 b.c.e.–29 c.e.) whose life, teachings, death, and alleged resurrection gave rise to the new religion of Christianity.

Answer 40

Jesus of Nazareth

Question 41

An early convert and missionary (ca. 6–67 c.e.) and the first great popularizer of Christianity, especially to Gentile (non-Jewish) communities.

Answer 41

St. Paul

Question 42

Christian martyr (181–203 c.e.) from an upper-class Roman family in Carthage. Her refusal to renounce her faith made her an inspiration for other early Christians.

Answer 42

Perpetua

Question 43

The Prophet and founder of Islam whose religious revelations became the Quran, bringing a radically monotheistic religion to Arabia and the world.

Answer 43

Muhammad

Question 44

this is the most holy text of Islam, which records the words of God through revelations given to the Prophet Muhammad.

Answer 44

Quran

Question 45

The community of all believers in Islam, bound by common belief rather than territory, language, or tribe.

Answer 45

Umma

Question 46

Islamic religious scholars, both Sunni and Shia, who shaped and transmitted the core teachings of Islamic civilization.

Answer 46

Ulama

Question 47

Islamic law, dealing with political, economic, social, and religious life. It literally translates as “a path to water,” which is considered the source of all life.

Answer 47

shariah

Question 48

Formal colleges for higher instruction in the teachings of Islam as well as in secular subjects like law, established throughout the Islamic world beginning in the eleventh century.

Answer 48

Madrasses

Question 49

An understanding of the Islamic faith that saw the worldly success of Islamic civilization as a distraction and deviation from the purer spirituality of Muhammad’s time. By renouncing the material world, meditating on the words of the Quran, chanting the names of God, using music and dance, and venerating Muhammad and various “saints,” Sufis pursued an interior life, seeking to tame the ego and achieve spiritual union with Allah.

Answer 49

Sufism

Question 50

Land-based trade routes that linked many regions of Eurasia. They were named after the most famous product traded along these routes.

Answer 50

silk roads

Question 51

The world’s largest sea-based system of communication and exchange before 1500 c.e. Centered on India, it stretched from southern China to eastern Africa.

Answer 51

Sea Roads

Question 52

A term used to describe the routes of the trans-Saharan trade, which linked interior West Africa to the Mediterranean and North African world.

Answer 52

Sand Roads