Multiple choice - 12/12

Question 1

What made Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses revolutionary

Answer 1

The idea that an individual could find salvation by faith alone

Question 2

What facilitated the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?

Answer 2

Printing Press

Question 3

How did the Peace of Westphalia seek to settle religious differences?

Answer 3

It granted the ruler of each European state the authority to control religious affairs within his own domain.

Question 4

Which group had the greatest success in converting people outside Europe to Christianity?

Answer 4

Spanish missionaries in the Philippines

Question 5

What factor made some parts of the world more receptive to Christianity than others?

Answer 5

The absence of a literate world religion

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between the Jesuits and the Chinese?

Answer 6

It was due to their mapmaking skills that Jesuits were first welcomed by the Chinese elite.

Question 7

Which of the following describes a feature of the syncretic religions of African slave communities in the New World?

Answer 7

The identification of West African deities with Catholic saints

Question 8

The goal of the Wahhabi movement was to

Answer 8

return to what was considered the pure faith of early Islam.

Question 9

In his view of Confucianism, Wang Yangming argued that individuals ______

Answer 9

could find their own path to virtue and salvation.

Question 10

Which form of Hinduism shared features with mystical Sufi forms of Islam?

Answer 10

The bhakti movement

Question 11

Europeans who participated in the Scientific Revolution placed value on knowledge that was acquired through

Answer 11

rational inquiry based on evidence.

Question 12

Scholars have identified which of the following as a key factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution in Europe?

Answer 12

The relative independence of European universities

Question 13

The early scientists in the Scientific Revolution

Answer 13

viewed science and religion as compatible.

Question 14

How was the Enlightenment related to the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 14

The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe.

Question 15

Which of the following did all Enlightenment thinkers share?

Answer 15

The belief in progress and reason

Question 16

How did China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire react to European science during the early modern era?

Answer 16

Selective adoption of European scientific learning

Question 17

What did the kaozheng movement in China emphasize?

Answer 17

Verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry

Question 18

Enlightenment thinkers described the individual as

Answer 18

thoughtful, rational, and independent.

Question 19

Book written by Cao Xueqin that explores the life of an elite family with connections to the court; it was the most famous popular novel of mid-eighteenth-century China.

Answer 19

The Dream of the Red Chamber

Question 20

Catholic-Protestant struggle (1618–1648) that was the culmination of European religious conflict

Answer 20

30 Years war

Question 21

German priest; posted the 95 Theses and began the Protestant Reformation with his criticism of the Catholic Church

Answer 21

Martin Luthor

Question 22

Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther

Answer 22

Protestant Reformation

Question 23

Influential Ming thinker who argued that anyone could achieve a virtuous life by introspection and contemplation

Answer 23

Wang Yingming

Question 24

Book written by Cao Xueqin that explores the life of an elite family with connections to the court

Answer 24

The Dream of the Red Chamber

Question 25

One of India’s most beloved bhakti poets, who transgressed the barriers of caste and tradition.

Answer 25

mirabai

Question 26

Literally, “dancing sickness”; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s

Answer 26

Taki Onqoy

Question 27

Series of Jesuit missionaries from 1550 to 1800 who sought to understand and become integrated into Chinese culture

Answer 27

Jesuits in China

Question 28

Major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab that advocated an austere lifestyle

Answer 28

Wahhabi Islam

Question 29

An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the 16th century stimulated in part by the Protestant Reformation

Answer 29

Counter-Reformation

Question 30

Italian scientist who developed an improved telescope in 1609; findings undermined existing understandings of the cosmos

Answer 30

galileo

Question 31

intellectual and cultural transformation that shaped a new conception of the material world between the 16th and 18th c.

Answer 31

Scientific Revolution

Question 32

Polish mathematician and astronomer who was the first to argue for the existence of a sun-centered universe

Answer 32

copernicus

Question 33

Literally, “research based on evidence”; Chinese intellectual movement critical of conventional Confucian philosophy

Answer 33

kaozheng

Question 34

intellectual movement of the 18th century that applied the principles of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs

Answer 34

European Enlightenment

Question 35

pen name of François-Marie Arouet, a French writer whose work is often taken as a model of the Enlightenment’s outlook

Answer 35

voltaire

Question 36

French philosopher who argued that society was moving into an era of near-infinite improvability

Answer 36

condorcet

Question 37

Religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak; combines elements of Hinduism and Islam

Answer 37

sikhism

Question 38

Which of the following groups had a very similar reaction to the spread of Christianity as the Japanese?
A The Ming Chinese

B The Native Americans in the New World
C The people of the Philippines
D The Catholics in Spain

Answer 38

A The Ming Chinese

Question 39

Which of the following caused the ideas expressed in the edict?
A The development of Sikhism
B The rejection of Islam in the Middle East
C The intensification of connections within hemispheres
D The desire to develop a syncretic belief system in Japan

Answer 39

C The intensification of connections within hemispheres

Question 40

Which of the following serves as the larger context for the source?
A The spread of Buddhism into China
B The missionary outreach of Christian Europe
C The creation of Islam
D The creation of Sikhism

Answer 40

B The missionary outreach of Christian Europe

Question 41

Which of the following was one of the effects of the situation described in the letter?
A Native Americans’ rejection of their native culture in favor of European culture
B The widespread violent rejection of the Christian faith among many Native Americans
C The rise of Native American women in the Catholic Church in the Americas
D The development of a blended religious culture in the Americas

Answer 41

D The development of a blended religious culture in the Americas

Question 42

Which of the following aided the Europeans in fulfilling the goals described in the letter?
A The presence of Muslim Sufis in the Americas
B The exchange of domesticated foods and plants
C The spread of smallpox to the Native Americans
D The failure of the Jesuits

Answer 42

C The spread of smallpox to the Native Americans

Question 43

In which region was Christianity most prevalent prior to the year 1700?
A) South America
B) Europe
C) Asia
D) Africa

Answer 43

B) Europe

Question 44

In which country was the spread of Christianity in the early modern era not accompanied by European conquest?
A) Peru
B) Mexico
C) Japan
D) The Philippine Islands

Answer 44

C) Japan

Question 45

A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to:
A reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings
B encourage the creation of a united German state free of papal influence
C demonstrate that an individual’s destiny was predetermined by God
D promote religious war against fellow Christians

Answer 45

A) reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

Question 46

A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church:
A had not adequately supported earlier Crusades against Muslims in the Holy Land
B had failed to convert Muslims living in Europe to Christianity
C had become too heavily influenced by Renaissance Humanism
D had become corrupted by power

Answer 46

D) had become corrupted by power

Question 47

A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that:
A papal alliances with the Holy Roman emperors led to widespread religious persecutions in Germany
B political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community
C the Protestant German nobility was wary of confronting the Ottomans without Catholic support
D the Protestant German nobility adopted pacifist attitudes during religious disputes with their Catholic and Muslim opponents

Answer 47

B) political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community