Quiz on 11/7

Question 1

Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in modern Mexico

Answer 1

Hernán Cortés

Question 2

Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne epidemic diseases on the Americas; in many cases, up to 90 percent of the pre-Columbian population died.

Answer 2

Great Dying

Question 3

A period of unusually cool temperatures from the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries, most prominently in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer 3

Little Ice Age

Question 4

The near-record cold winters experienced in much of China, Europe, and North America in the mid-seventeenth century, sparked by the Little Ice Age; extreme weather conditions led to famines, uprisings, and wars.

Answer 4

General Crisis

Question 5

The enormous network of transatlantic communication, migration, trade, and the transfer of diseases, plants, and animals that began in the period of European exploration and colonization of the Americas

Answer 5

Colombian Exchange

Question 6

The economic theory that governments served their countries’ economic interests best by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion (precious metals such as silver and gold); helped fuel European colonialism.

Answer 6

Mercantilism

Question 7

A term used to describe the multiracial population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas. Recently, the word has been criticized for being associated with colonialism and racial stratification.

Answer 7

Mestizo

Question 8

A derogatory term commonly used to describe people of mixed African and European origin.

Answer 8

Mulattoes

Question 9

Imperial territories in which Europeans settled permanently in substantial numbers. Examples include British North America, Portuguese Brazil, Spanish Mexico and Peru, Australia, New Zealand, Algeria, and South Africa.

Answer 9

Settler Colonies

Question 10

A Christian state centered on Moscow that emerged from centuries of Mongol rule in 1480; by 1800, it had expanded into northern Asia and westward into the Baltics and Eastern Europe.

Answer 10

Russian Empire

Question 11

Tribute that Russian rulers demanded from the Indigenous peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs.

Answer 11

Yasak

Question 12

Chinese dynasty (1368–1644) that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols; noted for its return to traditional Chinese ways and restoration of the land after the destructiveness of the Mongols

Answer 12

Ming Dynasty

Question 13

The growth of Qing dynasty China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries into a Central Asian empire that added a small but important minority of non-Chinese people to the empire’s population and essentially created the borders of contemporary China

Answer 13

Qing Expansion

Question 14

Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, parts of the Middle East, and much of North Africa; lasted in one form or another from the fourteenth to the early twentieth century.

Answer 14

Ottoman Empire

Question 15

A term that means “collection or gathering”; it refers to the Ottoman Empire’s practice of removing young boys from their Christian subjects and training them for service in the civil administration or in the elite Janissary infantry corps.

Answer 15

Devshirme

Question 16

What historical developments enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands?

Answer 16

-closer to the Americas than potential competitors.
-motivated to gain access to the world of Eurasian commerce.
- Seafaring technology
- Germs and Diseases

Question 17

What large-scale transformations did European empires generate in the Americas, in Europe, and globally?

Answer 17

*collapse of Native American societies.
* exchanges of plants and animals
* The need for plantation workers sugar and cotton trade
* Columbian exchange

Question 18

How did the Columbian exchange transform societies in the Americas?

Answer 18

-mixing of ethnic groups
- New animals transformed societies by bringing greater mobility, sources of food, and agricultural practices.
- Diseases caused numbers to decrease

Question 19

How did sugar transform Brazil and the Caribbean?

Answer 19

• led to technological developments to make production more efficient.
  -led to the introduction of African slaves into the Americas

Question 20

How did the plantation societies of Brazil and the Caribbean differ from those of the southern colonies in British North America?

Answer 20

-North America, there was less racial mixing and less willingness to recognize the offspring

Question 21

What distinguished the British settler colonies of North America from their Spanish or Portuguese counterparts in Latin America?

Answer 21

• British colonies developed greater mass literacy and traditions of local self-government
• British colonies were almost pure settler colonies

Question 22

What motivated Russian expansion?

Answer 22

-the problem of security

Question 23

Compare the processes by which the Russians and Western Europeans built their empires.

Answer 23

They were similar in terms of conquest, settlement, exploitation, religious conversion, and feelings of superiority; they absorbed adjacent territories

Question 24

What were the distinctive features of Chinese empire building in the early modern era?

Answer 24

-constantly dealt with security issues
-defensive military measures (e.g., the Great Wall)

Question 25

A. Identify ONE way in which the European empires were different from the empires of Asia during the period 1450–1750.

Answer 25

• the empires of Europe were far from their imperial heartlands.
• depended on maritime technologies more than opponets

Question 26

B. Explain ONE motive for European empire building in the period 1450–1750.

Answer 26

• Europeans’ marginal position and access to trade made exploration and acquisition of new territory more pressing than for Asian states, thus there was a strong economic motive.