Test for Module 4 Flashcards
fatty acid tails of phospholipid
digestive organelle that may also break up dead cell material
lysosomes
collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water
plasmolysis
A cell produces a protein that will be used by other cells. When the cell releases the protein into the extracellular fluid, what function has it performed?
secretion
A solution in which the concentration of solutes in lower relative to another solution
hypotonic solution
membrane-bounded “sac” that transports large molecules through the cell membrane
endocytic vesicle
Diffusion is the movement of particles
from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentrationW
What chemical process occurs in the cell organelle called the mitochondria
cellular respiration
Describe prokaryotic cells
they have cell membranes, cytoplasm, and ribosomes; they lack a nucleus; they grow and reproduce
The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s contents
cytoplasmic streaming
integral protein
the site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
cholesterol
What process requires that the cell expend energy?
endocytosis
What are leucoplasts?
plastids that are non-pigmented and store carbohydrates
Name scientists that contributed to cell theory
Schwann, Schleiden, Virchow
carboydrate or glycoprotein
phosphate head of phospholipid
Describe the three types of passive transport.
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. All the types move molecules with their concentration gradient and so do not require energy input
Explain what type of cellular activity could continue to occur if the cell’s mitochondria stop working
the cell would no longer be able to provide energy for active transport. Diffusion and osmosis, however, could still continue because these processes are passive and do not require energy
The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure
cytolysis
What are chloroplasts?
a plastid that contains red, orange, or yellow pigments and function in photosynthesis
What type of organelles contain its own DNA?
mitochondria
Describe active transport
It moves molecules against their concentration gradient and so will require energy input. Pumps move small molecules against their concentration gradient while endocytosis and exocytosis move larger particles into or out of the cell respectively.
Describe cell theory
All living things are made of cells; cells are the unit of structure and function for all life; all cells come from other cells
What are chromoplasts?
a plastid that contains green pigment and functions in photosynthesis
the site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
the endocytic process by which a cell engulfs large, solid particles or cells
phagocytosis
