Quarterly Test 1 Flashcards
Atoms have the same number of ___ and ___.
electrons and protons
prokaryotic cell
a cell that has no nucleus or other distinct, membrane-bound organelles
What are the basic parts of a nucleotide?
a phosphate group, a sugar, and a base
decomposer
organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms
eukaryotic cells
a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other distinct, membrane-bound organelles
What are abiotic factors? Give some examples.
non-living factors in an environment; soil type, water, and temperature
How does DNA store information?
a sequence of nucleotide bases, much like all of the English language can be stored as a sequence of dots and dashes in morse code.
What do the subscripts after the elemental abbreviations in a molecule stand for?
how many of each atom is in the molecule.
diffusion
the random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
An ___ includes communities made up of populations made up of organisms
ecosystem
osmosis
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration
autotroph
organisms that are able to make their own food
consumer
organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food
What determines the vast majority of characteristics in an atom?
the number of electrons (or protons) in an atom
What are the basic building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What holds the two helixes in a DNA molecule together?
hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases
What is an inference?
a logical interpretation of observations based on knowledge or experience
What is the principal means by which oxygen is taken from the air?
respiration
Describe the properties of water that allow life on Earth to thrive
universal solvent- water is able to dissolve many substances; cohesion - water’s polarity allows it to attract other water molecules; adhesion - water’s polarity allows it to attract other polar substances; density - water’s ability to float as a solid; high heat capacity - water’s ability to absorb large amounts of thermal enery before its temperature increases
active transport
requires the use of energy to move molecules; examples include endocytosis, exocytosis, and pumps such as the sodium-potassium pump
passive transport
the transport of molecule without using energy; examples include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
The smallest amount of energy is wasted where
the amount of energy of one level is close to equal the amount of energy of the next level
What chemical process occurs in chloroplasts?
photosynthesis
Describe the pH scale and what it measures.
It measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. On this scale, 7 is neutral, a pH lower than 7 is acidic, and a pH higher than 7 is alkaline. The lower the pH the more acidic, and the higher the pH the more alkaline
What is the principal means by which oxygen is restored to the air?
photosynthesis
What is an observation?
using your five senses to gather factual information
What type of organelle contains its own DNA?
mitochondria
heterotrophs
organisms that depend on other organisms for their food
What are the three main ideas of cell theory?
all living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function; all cells come from pre-existing cells
producer
organisms that produce their own food
What are the 6 criteria for life?
All life is composed of cells and cells are the most basic unit of structure and function for living things. All living things grow. All living things require energy to power activities. All living things maintain a stable internal environment by regulating all of the chemical processes occurring in them. All living things respond to their environment. All living things contain hereditary information in their DNA.
