test/digestive review Flashcards
give quick energy
carbohydrates
made of amino acids
protein
act as coenzymes
vitamins
necessary for chemical reations
H2O
also known as lipids
fats
involved in metabolism
minerals
important for stored energy
fats
glycogen is an example
carbohydrates
60% of food volume
H2O
contains the most calories
fats
bolus
ball of chewed food held together by saliva and mucus. formed in the mouth and transported through the esophagus to the stomach
chyme
slightly acidic, liquified food. located in the stomach and formed from materials in the boluses that come to the stomach
secretin
chemical containing bicarbonate ions that counteract the stomach acids. made by the pancreas, floating in alkaline fluid
lipase
an enzyme that breaks down fat after bile emulsified it. made by pancreas
parietal cells
cells in the stomach producing the chemical Hydrochloric Acid, which kills harmful bacteria on food
chief cells
cells in the stomach which produce the enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins
rectum
muscle used to defficate. as you get older deification becomes harder
anus
opening that waste is excreted through. internal sphincter>involuntary smooth muscle. external sphincter> voluntary striated muscle
basal metabolic rate
heat of body at rest
total metabolic rate
total amount of kcal consumed to fuel daily activities. higher when young or physically active
how long does food remain in the stomach
4 hours
how long does food remain in the small intestine
10 hrs
the most important organ of digestion
small intestine
how long is the esophagus
10 inches
substance in the stomach that works on infants’ milk
rennin
how long does undigested food remain in the large intestine
4hrs
the internal anal sphincter is composed of
smooth muscle
which of the following statements is true about Peyers patches
a.) they kill bacteria. b.) they break down protein. c.) they consist of lymphatic tissue. d.) they release maltase
C
emulsification is associated with the
liver
which of the following is function of HCI?
a.) releases lipase. b.) kills bacteria. c.) breaks down carbohydrates. d.) releases tripsin
b
the top of the stomach is called the
fundic region
pepsin begins the digestion of
proteins
the space between the lips and teeth are known as the
vestibule
name the mouth enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
ptylin
pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and empty into the
small intestine
how long is the alimentary canal
30 feet
Ryan has been complaining for some time about pain and bloating in his abdominal region. His mother suspects that he has a “nervous stomach”. what is the name of this digestive problem
colitis
pat ran a fever at baseball practice, and felt tenderness in his lower right side. the coach took him to Nazareth Hospital’s ER. what did they diagnose
appendicitis
larry experienced acid reflux and pain in his chest near his esophagus. his doctor recommended surgery to repair a slight tear
hiatal hernia
tom paid the price for chewing sunflower seeds during baseball season. a few got located in the haustra. what is his condition?
diverticulitis
marie was careless about disposing patient’s syringes at the hospital and was stuck. she later developed liver inflammation and permanent damage
hepatitis
Slide 1:
a. )name this liver disorder
b. ) what is the function of this organ
cirrhosis of the liver
to purify poisons and produce bile for emulsification
slide 2:
what does this gland produce
name the childhood virus which affects this gland
salivary amalase (ptylin) w/ clear watery liquid mumps
slide 3:
what condition is exhibited by the man on the slide
cause of symptoms
jaundice
bilirubin leaking into bloodstream (bile)
slide 4:
name this hole in the stomach lining
what chemical caused this abnormality
ulcer
hydrochloric acid
side 5:
name the organ containing this hardened piece of bile
what is the function of bile
gall bladder
to emulsify, physically break down fats into smaller pieces
slide 6:
name this structure
what does this tooth part contain
the pulp
nerves, blood vessels, connective tissue
slide 7: function of this structure what is the name of this structure
to help swallow
uvula
slide8:
name this stomach region
what is this valve
cardiac region
pyloric sphincter
side 9:
function of these microscopic parts
specific name for inner part
villi absorb nutrients from material in small intestine
lacteals
slide 10:
name this digestive condition
what is the specific anatomical problem
hemorrhoids
swollen/broken rectal veins
