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biology qt3 > bio test review (NS) > Flashcards

bio test review (NS) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sympathetic NS

A

division of autonomic NS. helps cope rapidly and vigorously with situations that threaten homeostasis. “fight or flight” response. dilated pupils, fast heart rate, deep breathing, sweating

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2
Q

parasympathetic NS

A

division of autonomic NS and does opposite of sympathetic NS so we are not always on high alert. calms us down. promotes normal resting and digesting, conserves body energy, low demand on cardiovascular system

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3
Q

sulci

A

grooves in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain (cerebrum). deepen with memory

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4
Q

gyri

A

raised ridges in the cerebrum

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5
Q

meibomian glands

A

release oil so that the eyeball is lubricated and movement is smooth

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6
Q

ciliary glands

A

release eyeball sweat

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7
Q

meningitis

A

infection of the meninges. displays flu like symptoms, pain in neck. meninges> swollen

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8
Q

encephalitis

A

can result from meningitis. the brain swells, not just the meninges.

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9
Q

aqueous humor

A

liquid in the eyeball that gives it shape, at the font.

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10
Q

vitreous humor

A

gel in the eyeball giving it shape. in the back

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11
Q

depolarized nerve

A

imbalence of ions. acetylcholine is realeased. action potential. K moves out. NA moves in to take its place

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12
Q

repolarized nerve

A

K inside, NA outside, after the action is terminated. resting potential

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13
Q

efferent neuron

A

motor neuron that will cause a muscle to move, creating the ‘effect’

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14
Q

afferent neuron

A

sensory neuron that picks up a message. the affect that will cause the effect

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15
Q

how does the blood brain barrier protect the brain

A

has capillaries to act as a filter to only let in certain things. this prevents most harmful things from getting into the brain tissue. things that enter- H2O, glucose, essential amino acids

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16
Q

what is the function of the broncas area

A

speech

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17
Q

name 2 characteristics of a reflex action

A

quick and involuntary. doesn’t require brain activity, instead it used the spinal cord

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18
Q

define accomidation. what is the relationship to age

A

it is adjusting to distance. as age goes up, the ability to accomidate goes down

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19
Q

what is the importance of the limbic system

A

controls everything about who we are from thirst and appetite to our pains and pleasures. functions with the hypothalmus

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20
Q

structure and function of the cochlea

A

shaped like a snail’s shell and houses tiny hairs and fluid. function is to respond to the vibrations sent through it, and send messages to the auditory nerve. the hairs bend to respond

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21
Q

what is multiple sclerosis? describe what happens to the neuron of a diseased person? Is there a cure? What is the possible cause? Describe 3 symptoms? what do we mean when we say MS is autoimmune?

A

means that it looks like there are scars on the brain; specifically the neurons. The myelin on the neurons has been eaten away by white blood cells and T cells. There is no cure, it can only be controlled. Possible causes- chicken pox virus restimulated, or stress. MS causes tingling, loss of equillibrum, and even paralysis. Autoimmune- attacking your own body

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22
Q

which eye layer is continuous with the dura mater

A

sclera

23
Q

what meninge is fixed tightly upon the brain

A

pia mater

24
Q

gaps in the axon’s myelin which increase the speed of the impulses are called

A

nodes of ranvier

25
Q

the ______ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles

A

somatic

26
Q

The ________ nervous system controls the cardiac and smooth muscle

A

autonomic

27
Q

how long is the spinal cord

A

17 inches

28
Q

name the enzyme in tears which injures bacteria

A

lysozyme

29
Q

number of pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

30
Q

_______ is the medical term for a “lazy eye”

A

strabismus

31
Q

what is the cauda equine

A

the spinal cord and nerves hang off of it (horsetail)

32
Q

Parkinson’s is caused by too much

A

too little dopamine

33
Q

the central nervous system consists of

A

the brain and spinal cord

34
Q

what is the function of cholinesterase

A

turns of acetylcholine

35
Q

which of the following statements is not true about TIA

a. ) temporary numbness b.) a warning. c.) impaired speech
d. ) could last 3-4 hrs

A

d

36
Q

name a symptom of myasthenia gravis

A

fatigued facial muscles

37
Q

which of the following is not a characteristic of the cornea?
a.) it can be transplanted. b.) it feels pain. c.) protective in nature. d.) its surface structure is generally inherited

A

d

38
Q

the main function of the rods is to

A

vision in dim light

39
Q

the fovea centralis is

A

an area that contains a high concentration of cones

40
Q

describe the brain of a person with Alzheimers Disease? Is there a cure? What is its cause? What are some symptoms?

A

shrunken/shriveled brain and weigh less. No cure. caused by protein deposits called Tao which look like threads building up in the brain. symptoms- short term memory, inability to preform familiar tasks, demetria, and the gradual loss of long term memory. may not even recognize family

41
Q

nikki needs new glasses because of her focusing problem. her optician told her that her eyeball had an unequal curvature

A

astigmatism

42
Q

Mrs. O’Hara (age 68) noticed that her vision was fuzzy. She said that she feels like she is looking through a white curtain.

A

cataracts

43
Q

Beth was sent home from LF because her right eye was itchy, red, and full of pus. The nurse thought her condition was highly contagious

A

conjunctivitis

44
Q

jennie was tested because of a possible problem with pressure and excess fluid in her eyes. it could cause blindness

A

glacoma

45
Q

Sam was complaining of a ringing in her ears because of the loud music at the One Direction concert.

A

tinnitus

46
Q

Joan’s elderly grandfather blood pressure drops when he changes his position to stand. his sympathetic nervous system isn’t responding, and he feels dizzy.

A

orthostatic hypotension

47
Q

which diagram shows near-sightedness

A

A

48
Q

Define near-sightedness

A

when the image falls in front of the retina. can see near, not far

49
Q

what is its scientific name 1

A

myopia

50
Q

what lenses are needed 1

A

concave

51
Q

which diagram shows far-sightedness

A

B

52
Q

define far-sightedness

A

image falls behind retina, can see far not near

53
Q

what is its scientific name 2

A

hyperopia

54
Q

what lenses are needs for correction 2

A

convex

biology qt3 (26 decks)

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