bio test review (NS) Flashcards
sympathetic NS
division of autonomic NS. helps cope rapidly and vigorously with situations that threaten homeostasis. “fight or flight” response. dilated pupils, fast heart rate, deep breathing, sweating
parasympathetic NS
division of autonomic NS and does opposite of sympathetic NS so we are not always on high alert. calms us down. promotes normal resting and digesting, conserves body energy, low demand on cardiovascular system
sulci
grooves in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain (cerebrum). deepen with memory
gyri
raised ridges in the cerebrum
meibomian glands
release oil so that the eyeball is lubricated and movement is smooth
ciliary glands
release eyeball sweat
meningitis
infection of the meninges. displays flu like symptoms, pain in neck. meninges> swollen
encephalitis
can result from meningitis. the brain swells, not just the meninges.
aqueous humor
liquid in the eyeball that gives it shape, at the font.
vitreous humor
gel in the eyeball giving it shape. in the back
depolarized nerve
imbalence of ions. acetylcholine is realeased. action potential. K moves out. NA moves in to take its place
repolarized nerve
K inside, NA outside, after the action is terminated. resting potential
efferent neuron
motor neuron that will cause a muscle to move, creating the ‘effect’
afferent neuron
sensory neuron that picks up a message. the affect that will cause the effect
how does the blood brain barrier protect the brain
has capillaries to act as a filter to only let in certain things. this prevents most harmful things from getting into the brain tissue. things that enter- H2O, glucose, essential amino acids
what is the function of the broncas area
speech
name 2 characteristics of a reflex action
quick and involuntary. doesn’t require brain activity, instead it used the spinal cord
define accomidation. what is the relationship to age
it is adjusting to distance. as age goes up, the ability to accomidate goes down
what is the importance of the limbic system
controls everything about who we are from thirst and appetite to our pains and pleasures. functions with the hypothalmus
structure and function of the cochlea
shaped like a snail’s shell and houses tiny hairs and fluid. function is to respond to the vibrations sent through it, and send messages to the auditory nerve. the hairs bend to respond
what is multiple sclerosis? describe what happens to the neuron of a diseased person? Is there a cure? What is the possible cause? Describe 3 symptoms? what do we mean when we say MS is autoimmune?
means that it looks like there are scars on the brain; specifically the neurons. The myelin on the neurons has been eaten away by white blood cells and T cells. There is no cure, it can only be controlled. Possible causes- chicken pox virus restimulated, or stress. MS causes tingling, loss of equillibrum, and even paralysis. Autoimmune- attacking your own body
which eye layer is continuous with the dura mater
sclera
what meninge is fixed tightly upon the brain
pia mater
gaps in the axon’s myelin which increase the speed of the impulses are called
nodes of ranvier
the ______ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles
somatic
The ________ nervous system controls the cardiac and smooth muscle
autonomic
how long is the spinal cord
17 inches
name the enzyme in tears which injures bacteria
lysozyme
number of pairs of spinal nerves
31
_______ is the medical term for a “lazy eye”
strabismus
what is the cauda equine
the spinal cord and nerves hang off of it (horsetail)
Parkinson’s is caused by too much
too little dopamine
the central nervous system consists of
the brain and spinal cord
what is the function of cholinesterase
turns of acetylcholine
which of the following statements is not true about TIA
a. ) temporary numbness b.) a warning. c.) impaired speech
d. ) could last 3-4 hrs
d
name a symptom of myasthenia gravis
fatigued facial muscles
which of the following is not a characteristic of the cornea?
a.) it can be transplanted. b.) it feels pain. c.) protective in nature. d.) its surface structure is generally inherited
d
the main function of the rods is to
vision in dim light
the fovea centralis is
an area that contains a high concentration of cones
describe the brain of a person with Alzheimers Disease? Is there a cure? What is its cause? What are some symptoms?
shrunken/shriveled brain and weigh less. No cure. caused by protein deposits called Tao which look like threads building up in the brain. symptoms- short term memory, inability to preform familiar tasks, demetria, and the gradual loss of long term memory. may not even recognize family
nikki needs new glasses because of her focusing problem. her optician told her that her eyeball had an unequal curvature
astigmatism
Mrs. O’Hara (age 68) noticed that her vision was fuzzy. She said that she feels like she is looking through a white curtain.
cataracts
Beth was sent home from LF because her right eye was itchy, red, and full of pus. The nurse thought her condition was highly contagious
conjunctivitis
jennie was tested because of a possible problem with pressure and excess fluid in her eyes. it could cause blindness
glacoma
Sam was complaining of a ringing in her ears because of the loud music at the One Direction concert.
tinnitus
Joan’s elderly grandfather blood pressure drops when he changes his position to stand. his sympathetic nervous system isn’t responding, and he feels dizzy.
orthostatic hypotension
which diagram shows near-sightedness
A
Define near-sightedness
when the image falls in front of the retina. can see near, not far
what is its scientific name 1
myopia
what lenses are needed 1
concave
which diagram shows far-sightedness
B
define far-sightedness
image falls behind retina, can see far not near
what is its scientific name 2
hyperopia
what lenses are needs for correction 2
convex
