Test 9 Workbook/Text Notes Flashcards by Bree Reppy

largest immovable face bone?

maxilla

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4 processes of maxilla?

frontal
zygomatic
alveolar
palatine

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which process of maxilla is most superior?

frontal

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which facial bones form the post. aspect of the hard palate?

horizontal portion of palatine bones

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2 cranial bones that articulate w the maxilla

frontal, ethmoid

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facial bone assoc. w tear ducts

lacrimal

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purpose of conchae/turbinates?

to divide nasal cavity into compartments and circulate incoming air (to warm and clean it before entering lungs)

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which 2 facial bones are located interiorly and not visible on the exterior skull?

vomer and palatine

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(from ant. to post.) the cone-shaped orbits project upward at an angle of?

30º

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the cone-shaped orbits are projected toward the MSP at an angle of?

37º

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which facial bone opening is formed by a cleft btw the greater and lesser wings of sphenoid?

sup. orbital fissure

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bilat horizontal fractures of the maxillae are called

LeFort fracture

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what evidence on an AP axial Towne (skull) XR indicates whether the correct CR angle and head flexion were used?

dorsum sellae and post. clinics should be projected into foramen magnum

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TRAUMA PT, what must be determined BEFORE performing SMV?

rule out any possible C-spine fractures/subluxation

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AP Axial Towne reveals R petrous ridge is wider than L side; what pos error occurred?

rotation to L

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15º PA Axial Caldwell shows that the distance btw the R midlat orbital borders and lat margin of cranial cortex is greater than the L side. what error occurred?

rotation to L

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SMV reveals that mandib. condyles are w/in petrous bone. what error occurred?

insufficient skull extension/CR not perp to IOML

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lat skull shows that the orbital plates are not superimposed. (1 plate is slightly sup. to the other). what occurred?

tilt

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lat skull shows that one mandib. ramus is about 0.5 cm more ant. than the other. what occurred?

rotation

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facial XRs are best performed?

erect

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basic PA axial Caldwell for facial bones requires a ___º caudad angle to project what?

15º, petrous ridges in lower 1/3rd of orbits

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what modality is ideal for facial bones?

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what is helpful in diagnosing occult facial bone fractures?

nuclear med

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name of fracture from a direct blow to the orbit leading to a disruption of the IOM?

blow-out fracture

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"free-floating" zygomatic bone is the frequent result of a

tripod fracture

major disadvantage performing a straight PA XR for facial bones, w no CR angle/neck extension by comparison w the Caldwell?

petrous ridges superimpose the orbits, obscuring facial bone structures

what facial bone structures are best seen w a parietoacanthial XR?

orbits, including infraorbital rims, bony nasal septum, maxillae, zygomatic bones and ARCHES

what CR angle is needed to project the petrous ridges just below the orbital floor w a PA axial Caldwell

30º caudad (nasion)

which specific structures are visualized better w the modified waters XR?

orbital rims/floors

2 reasons why facial bones are performed PA whenever possible

less OID, less exposure to thyroid

2 pos. difference's btw lat facial and lat skull?

1. IR LW for facial | 2. CR center to zygoma for facial

T/F: both obl. inferosuperior (tangential) XRs for zygomatic arches are generally taken for comparison

true

where is CR centered for an AP axial projection for zygomatic arches?

1" sup. to glabella (to pass through mid arches)

XR that best shows floor of orbits (blowout fracture)

modified waters

XR that best shows optic foramen

parieto-orbital obl XR (Rhese)

XR that best shows view of single zygomatic arch

obl inferosuperior (tangential) XR

XR that best shows bilat zygomatic arches

SMV

XR that best shows IOM, maxillae, nasal septum, nasal spine, zygomatic bone and arches

parietoacanthial XR (waters)

what XR produces an elongated view of the condyloid processes?

PA Axial mandible

which XR projects the opp. 1/2 of the mandible away from the side of interest

axiolat obl

how much skull rotation is needed on the axiolat obl XR to demonstrate the ramus region?

0º

how much skull rotation is needed on the axiolat obl XR to demonstrate the body of the mandible?

30º

how much skull rotation is needed on the axiolat obl XR to demonstrate the mentum region?

45º

how much skull rotation is needed on the axiolat obl XR to demonstrate a general survey of the mandible

10-15º

maximum CR angle necessary for all axiolat obl XRs of mandible?

25º

where should CR exit for a PA axial mandible?

acanthion

what should be perp to IR for a true PA XR of mandibular body (if it's the area of interest)?

AML

which aspect of mandible is best seen w an AP axial XR?

condyloid processes (CONDYLES!!!)

where is CR centered for AP axial of mandible?

glabella

which XR of mandible will demonstrate the entire mandible, including the coronoid and condyloid processes?

SMV

T/F: modified law method provides a bilat and f(x)al study of TMJ

true

T/F: mandibular condyle moves post. as the mouth is open.

false. (ant.)

which TMJ XR requires skull to remain in true lat pos?

Schuller

axiolat (schuller) for TMJ requires a CR angle of?

25-30º caudad (to 1/2" ant. & 2" sup. to EAM)

lat facial reveals that rami are not superimposed. what occurred?

skull rotation

30º PA axial facial reveals petrous ridges are projected at the level of the IOMs. Is this acceptable? how do you correct?

yes; you don't - XR ok

lat facial reveals that mandibular bodies are not superimposed (one is about 1 cm sup. to the other). what happened? how do you correct?

skull tilt; make sure MSP is II to IR, and IPL is perp to IR, and IOML is perp to front edge of IR

Rhese XR reveals that the optic foramen is located in the upper outer quadrant of orbit. is this acceptable? how do you correct?

No. + neck extension. AML should be perp to IR to ensure optic foramen is open & projected into lower outer quadrant of orbit

an axiolat obl mandible reveals that the body of the mandible is severely foreshortened. body of mandible is area of interest. what pos error led to this outcome?

insufficient skull rotation (should be rotated 30º toward IR from lat)

pt w possible blowout fracture of R orbit comes into ER. in addition to basic facial routine, what single XR best demonstrates this type of injury?

modified waters

pt w possible fracture of L zygomatic arch enters ER. neither the AP axial, nor SMV showed the L side well. what other XR can be done to show this area?

obl inferosuperior (tangential); bilat XRs generally done for comparison

which XR is ideal in showing a depressed fracture of the zygomatic arch (usually from trauma)

obl inferosuperior (tangential) of zygomatic arch

tech attempts SMV XR. bc of size of pt's shoulders, he is unable to flex his neck adequately to place IOML II to IR. what can tech do to produce acceptable SMV XR?

angle CR so it's perp to pt's IOML

Waters XR reveals that the distance btw the MSP and the outer orbital margin is not equal. what occurred?

skull rotation

SMV reveals that the distance btw the mandibular condyles and lat border of the skull is not equal. what occurred?

skull tilt

waters method reveals that the petrous ridges are projected just below the maxillary sinuses. what pos error occurred?

none.

majority of hard palate is formed by?

palatine bones

which facial bone contains 4 processes?

maxilla

which facial bone forms lower, outer aspect of orbit?

zygoma

which facial bone lies just ant. and med. to the frontal process of maxilla?

nasal bones

which facial bone is the unpaired bone in the adult?

mandible

which facial bone is located ant. in the med. aspect of the orbit?

lacrimal bones

which facial bone helps to mix air drawn into nasal cavity?

inf. nasal conchae

which facial bone posses a vertical and horizontal portion

palatine bones

what prevents the superimposition of the ramus on the C-spine for the axiolat obl mandible XR?

chin extension

what structures are better defined when the CR angle is increased from 35º to 40º caudad for the AP axial Towne mandible?

TM fossae (center 40º caudad to OML to reduce superimposition from temporal bone)

during an orthopantomographic procedure, it is important to keep the _____ pos. line II to the floor.

IOML

Waters method projects all but one facial bone superior to petrous ridges to free them from superimposition. which facial bone remains obscured?

mandible

(trauma) CR for the AP axial should not exceed __° or excessive distortion will hinder the visualization of essential anatomy

45º

Zygoma aka

Malar bone