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RTE 1513 > Chpt. 13 > Flashcards

Chpt. 13 Flashcards

0
Q

3 divisions of sm intestine in descending order?

A

duodenum (widest division), jejunum, ileum

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1
Q

avg length of lg intestine?

A

5 ft, 1.5m

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2
Q

shortest division of sm intestine?

A

duodenum

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3
Q

2 quadrants that the majority of the jejunum can be found?

A

LUQ, LLQ

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4
Q

which division of sm intestine has a feathery/coiled-spring appearance?

A

jejunum

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5
Q

longest division of small intestine

A

ileum

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6
Q

2 aspects of lg intestine not considered part of colon?

A

cecum, rectum

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7
Q

the colon is divided into ___ sections and has ___ flexures

A

4; 2

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8
Q

2 f(x)’s of ileocecal valve

A

prevents ileum contents from passing too quickly into cecum;
prevents reflux back into ileum

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9
Q

another term for appendix

A

veriform appendix

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10
Q

makes up 40% of the small intestine

A

jejunum

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11
Q

shortest aspect of sm intestine

A

duodenum

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12
Q

aspect of sm intestine that is the smallest in diameter but longest in length

A

ileum

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13
Q

widest portion of lg intestine

A

cecum

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14
Q

a blind pouch inf to the ileocecal valve

A

appendix

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15
Q

found btw cecum and transverse colon

A

ascending colon

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16
Q

dist. part; also called the iliac colon

A

descending colon

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17
Q

longest aspect of the lg intestine

A

transverse colon

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18
Q

lies in pelvis but possesses a wide freedom of motion

A

sigmoid colon

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19
Q

term for 3 bands of mm that pull the lg into pouches

A

taeniae coli

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20
Q

the pouches, or sacculations, seen along the lg intestine wall are called

A

haustra

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21
Q

what is an older term for the mucosal folds found w/in the jejunum?

A

plicae circulares

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22
Q

which portion of the sm intestine is located primarily to the L of the midline

A

jejunum

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23
Q

which portion of the sm intestine is located primarily in the RLQ

A

ileum

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24
Q

which portion of the sm intestine has the smoothest internal lining and does not present a feathery appearance when barium-filled

A

ileum

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25
Q

which aspect of the sm intestine is most fixed in pos?

A

duodenojejunal junction

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26
Q

in which quadrant does the terminal ileum connect w the lg intestine

A

RLQ

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27
Q

which muscular band marks the junction btw the duodenum and jejunum

A

suspensory mm of duodenum/ligament of Treitz

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28
Q

widest portion of the lg intestine is

A

cecum

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29
Q

which flexure of lg intestine usually extends more sup?

A

L colic (splenic)

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30
Q

inflammation of the veriform appendix

A

appendicitis

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31
Q

which aspect of GI tract is primarily responsible for digestion, absorption, reabsorption?

A

sm intestine

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32
Q

which aspect of GI tract is responsible for the synthesis/absorption of vitamins B & K, and amino acids

A

lg intestine

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33
Q

Which digestive movement occurs in the large intestine and in the small intestine?

A

Peristalsis

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34
Q

Is the cecum intraperitoneal retroperitoneal or infraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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35
Q

Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal retroperitoneal or infraperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

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36
Q

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal retroperitoneal or infraperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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37
Q

Descending colon is a _________ structure?

A

retroperitoneal

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38
Q

sigmoid colon is a ________ structure?

A

intraperitoneal

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39
Q

upper rectum is what structure?

A

retroperitoneal

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40
Q

lower rectum is what structure?

A

infraperitoneal

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41
Q

C loop of duodenum is what structure?

A

retroperitoneal

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42
Q

jejunum is what structure?

A

intraperitoneal

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43
Q

ileum is what structure?

A

intraperitoneal

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44
Q

list 2 conditions that may prevent the use of BaSO4 during a SBS?

A

possible perf-hollow viscus; lg bowel obstruction

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45
Q

common birth defect found in the ileum

A

meckel’s diverticulum

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46
Q

what type of pt should be given extra care when using a H2O-soluble contrast medium?

A

young & dehydrated

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47
Q

common parasitic infection of the sm intestine

A

giardiasis

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48
Q

obstruction of the small intestine

A

ileus

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49
Q

pt w lactose or sucrose sensitivities

A

malabsorption syndrome

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50
Q

new growth

A

neoplasm

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51
Q

a form of sprue

A

celiac disease

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52
Q

intestine inflammation

A

enteritis

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53
Q

form of inflammatory disease of the GI tract

A

regional enteritis

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54
Q

circular staircase or herringbone sign

A

ielus

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55
Q

cobblestone appearance

A

regional enteritis

56
Q

apple core sign

A

adenocarcinoma

57
Q

intestine dilation w thickening of circular folds

A

giardiasis

58
Q

lg diverticulum of the ileum

A

meckel’s diverticulum

60
Q

“beak sign”

A

volvulus

61
Q

giardiasis is a condition acquired through? (3)

A

contaminated food/water & person-to-person contact

62
Q

meckel’s diverticulum is best diagnosed w which imaging modality?

A

nuclear med

63
Q

whipple’s disease is a rare disorder of the

A

prox sm intestine

64
Q

how much BaSO4 is generally given to adults for SBS

A

2 cups, 16 oz

65
Q

when is SBS complete?

A

when contrast passes thru ileocecal valve

66
Q

how long does it usually take to complete an adult SBS?

A

2 hrs

67
Q

when is the 1st XR generally taken during a SBS?

A

15-30 min after contrast ingestion

68
Q

what is sometimes used during a SBS to vis. ileocecal valve?

A

fluoro

69
Q

the term enteroclysis describes what type of SB study?

A

double-contrast method

70
Q

what 2 types of contrast are used for enteroclysis?

A

BaSO4 & air/methylcellulose

71
Q

which 2 path conditions are best evaluated thru enteroclysis?

A

regional enteritis (Chron’s disease) & malabsorption syndrome

72
Q

it takes approx how long for BaSO4 in a healthy adult, given orally, to reach the rectum?

A

24 hours

73
Q

the tip of the catheter is advanced to the _______ during an enteroclysis

A

duodenojejunal flexure (suspensory ligament)

74
Q

what is the purpose of introducing methyl cellulose during enteroclysis?

A

dialates intestinal lumen for a more diagnostic exam

75
Q

a procedure to alleviate postoperative distention of a sm intestine obstruction is called

A

therapeutic intubation

76
Q

what is the recommended pt prep before a SBS?

A

NPO at least 8 hrs before; no smoking/gum

77
Q

which pos is recommended for SBS XR? why?

A

prone; to separate intestinal loops

78
Q

a twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery

A

volvulus

79
Q

out-pouching of the mucosal wall

A

diverticulum

80
Q

inflammatory condition of the lg intestine

A

colitis

81
Q

severe form of colitis

A

ulcerative colitis

82
Q

telescoping of one part of the intestine into another

A

intussusception

83
Q

inward growth extending from the lumen of the intestinal wall

A

polyp

84
Q

which type of pt usually experiences intussusception?

A

infant

85
Q

a condition of numerous herniations of the mucosal wall of the lg intestine

A

diverticulosis

86
Q

path condition that produces “tapered/corkscrew” XR sign during BE?

A

volvulus

87
Q

which condition may produce the “cobblestone” XR sign during BE?

A

ulcerative colitis

88
Q

most common form of carcinoma found in lg intestine

A

annular carcinoma

89
Q

T/F: intestinal polyps and diverticula are very similar in structure

A

F

90
Q

T/F: volvulus occurs more frequently in males

A

T

91
Q

T/F: BE is commonly recommended for diagnosing possible acute appendicitis

A

F

92
Q

T/F: any stool retained in the lg intestine may require postponement of a BE

A

T

93
Q

4 conditions that would prevent the use of a laxative cathartic before a BE?

A

gross bleeding, obstruction, severe diarrhea, and inflammatory lesions

94
Q

T/F: an ex. of an irritant cathartic is magnesium citrate

A

F. (castor oil)

95
Q

3 commonly used enema tips

A

plastic disposable, rectal retention, air-contrast retention

96
Q

T/F: synthetic latex enema tips/gloves do not cause problems for latex-sensitive pt’s

A

T

97
Q

recommended H2O temp for BE

A

room temp (85-90º)

98
Q

to min. spasms during BE, ______ can be added to the contrast

A

lidocaine

99
Q

recommended pt pos for insertion of rectal enema tip?

A

Sim’s pos

100
Q

initial insertion of rectal enema tip should be pointed toward the:

A

umbilicus

101
Q

which procedure best demonstrates small polyps in colon?

A

double-contrast BE

102
Q

which aspect of lg intestine must be demonstrated during evacuative proctography?

A

anorectal angle

103
Q

which of the following clinical conditions is best shown w evacuative proctography: intussusception, volvulus, diverticulosis, rectal prolapse

A

rectal prolapse

104
Q

which of the following procedures uses the thickest mix of BaSO4? single-contrast BE, double-contrast BE, evacuative proctogram, enteroclysis

A

evacuative proctogram

105
Q

into which pos is the pt placed for imaging during the evacuative proctogram?

A

lat

106
Q

T/F: a special tapered enema tip is inserted into the stoma before a colostomy BE

A

T

107
Q

T/F: the enema bag should not be more than 36”/92cm above table-top before the beginning of the procedure

A

F (not more than 24”)

108
Q

T/F: the technologist should review the pt’s chart before a BE to determine whether a sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy was performed recently

A

T

109
Q

T/F: both computed tomography and sonography may be performed to aid in diagnosing appendicitis

A

T

110
Q

T/F: bc of the density and the amount of BaSO4 w/in the lg intestine, computed radiography should not be used during a BaSO4

A

F

111
Q

how much BaSO4 suspension is often instilled before CT enteroclysis?

A

0.1%

112
Q

another term for CT colonography (CTC) is

A

virtual colonoscopy

113
Q

T/F: a cleansing bowel prep is not required before a CTC

A

F

114
Q

why is oral contrast sometimes given during a CTC

A

to mark/”tag” fecal matter

115
Q

chief dis’advtg of CTC

A

cannot remove polyps discovered during CTC

116
Q

T/F: single-contrast BE are commonly done on pt’s w a clinical history of diverticulosus

A

F

117
Q

which following XR is recommended to be taken during a SBS? (supine AP, prone AP, erect AP, L lat decub)

A

prone AP

118
Q

T/F: shielding is not recommended during studies of lower GI tract

A

F

119
Q

due to faster transit T of Ba from the stomach to the ileocecal valve in pedi pt’s, how frequently should imgs be taken during a SBS to avoid missing critical anatomy and possible path?

A

every 20-30 min

120
Q

T/F: if a retention-type enema tip is used, it should be removed after fluoro is completed and before overhead XRs are taken to better vis. the rectal region

A

F (generally not removed until after overhead XRs are completed, unless directed by radiologist)

121
Q

the _________ pos is a recommended alt for the lat rectum XR during a double-contrast BE

A

vent decub

122
Q

what kV is recommended for a SBS (single-contrast)

A

100-125 kV

123
Q

where is CR centered for the 15 min XR during a SBS

A

2” above iliac crest

124
Q

breathing instructions of SBS

A

exp

125
Q

which BE XR best shows R colic flexure?

A

RAO/LPO

126
Q

how much body rotation required for obl BE XRs?

A

35-45º

127
Q

which pos should be performed if pt cannot lie prone to vis. L colic flexure?

A

RPO

128
Q

which XR, taken during double-contrast BE, produces an air-filled img of the R colic flexure, ascending colon, and cecum?

A

L lat decub

129
Q

where is CR centered for a lat XR of the rectum?

A

level of ASIS @ MCP

130
Q

which XR during a double-contrast BE best shows the descending colon for possible polyps?

A

R lat decub (L side up)

131
Q

which aspect of lg intestine is best shown w an AP axial projection?

A

rectosigmoid region

132
Q

what is the advtg of performing an AP axial obl rather than an AP axial?

A

less superimposition of rectosigmoid segments

133
Q

what is another term describing the AP/PA axial projection

A

butterfly

134
Q

CR angle for AP axial butterfly

A

30-40º cephalic

135
Q

CR angle for PA axial butterfly

A

30-40º caudad

136
Q

What kV range is recommended for a postevacuation XR following a BE?

A

90-100 kV

137
Q

recommended kV for obl XR during single-contrast BE

A

100-125 kV

138
Q

recommended kV for obl XRs for double-contrast BE

A

90-100 kV

139
Q

what med can be given during a BE to min. colonic spasm during BE

A

glucagon (make sure pt not diabetic)

RTE 1513 (15 decks)

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