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RTE 1513 > Test 9 > Flashcards

Test 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what pos line is perp to IR for PA Caldwell for orbits?

A

OML

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2
Q

what is CR angle for PA Caldwell for orbits (to see orbital floor)?

A

CR 30º caudad, exit nasion

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3
Q

angling CR 30º caudad to PA Caldwell for orbits, does what?

A

brings petrous ridges below orbital floors (better view of orbital floors)

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4
Q

For modified/shallow waters, OML is at what degree to the IR?

A

55º

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5
Q

what touches the bucky for a modified/shallow waters?

A

chin, lips, nose

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6
Q

what pos line is perp to IR for Modified/Shallow waters? (orbits)

A

LML

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7
Q

CR angle for modified/shallow waters?

A

CR perp, exit acanthion

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8
Q

modified/shallow waters shows what?

A

orbits with less distortion

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9
Q

what happens to the petrous ridges in the modified/shallow waters XR?

A

they are in the lower 1/2 of maxillary sinuses

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10
Q

do you extend chin for the modified/shallow waters XR?

A

no

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11
Q

For Rhese method, the MSP is at what angle to the IR?

A

53º

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12
Q

what pos line is perp to IR for Rhese method?

A

AML

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13
Q

what is the “3 point landing”?

A

chin, cheek, nose on bucky

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14
Q

head rotation for Rhese method?

A

37º toward affected side

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15
Q

CR angle for Rhese method for Optic Foramina?

A

perp to center of downside orbit

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16
Q

where is the optic foramen projected in the Rhese method?

A

lower outer quadrant

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17
Q

pt should be in what pos for Rhese method?

A

prone

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18
Q

what 2 pos lines are used in the AP modified Towne projection of TMJ?

A

OML and IOML

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19
Q

what is the CR angle for AP Modified Towne for TMJ when OML is perp to IR?

A

CR 35º caudad to 3” sup. to nasion

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20
Q

what is the CR angle for AP Modified Towne for TMJ when IOML is perp to IR?

A

CR 42º caudad to 3” sup. to nasion

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21
Q

____ & ____ _____ XR’s are required for the AP Modified Towne for TMJs

A

open & close mouth

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22
Q

an addition ___º increase in CR may best show TM fossae and TMJs in the ______________ XR

A

5º; AP Modified Towne for TMJ

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23
Q

What is the routine XR for TMJs?

A

AP Axial Modified Towne (open and closed mouth)

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24
Q

what 2 pos lines are used in the modified Schuller XR’s of TMJs?

A

IPL (perp to IR); IOML (perp to front of IR)

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25
Q

CR angle for Modified Schuller for TMJs?

A

CR 25-30º caudad to 1/2” ant. & 2” sup. to EAM

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26
Q

What TMJ XR best shows mandibular condyles?

A

AP Modified Towne

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27
Q

Which TMJ is demonstrated in the axiolat XRs?

A

TMJ nearest IR

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28
Q

what does the closed mouth XR show for the modified Schuller?

A

condyle w/in mandibular fossa

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29
Q

what does the open mouth XR show for the modified Schuller?

A

condyles moves to ant. margin (articular tubercle) of fossa

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30
Q

Axiolat TMJ aka?

A

Modified Schuller

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31
Q

Axiolat Obl TMJ aka?

A

Modified Law

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32
Q

what 2 pos line’s are used for Modified Law TMJ?

A

IPL (perp to IR); IOML (perp to front IR)

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33
Q

pt pos for Modified Law for TMJ?

A

(from true lat) rotate face toward IR 15º from plane of IR

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34
Q

What is required of Modified Law XRs?

A

open and closed mouth XRs

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35
Q

CR angle for Modified Law for TMJs?

A

CR 15º caudad to 1.5” sup. to upside EAM

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36
Q

what is shown in the Modified Law closed mouth XR?

A

condyle w/in mandibular fossa

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37
Q

what is shown in the Modifies Law open mouth XR?

A

condyle moves to ant. margin (articular tubercle) of mandibular fossa

38
Q

what touch the bucky for a PA Axial Mandible XR?

A

forehead and nose

39
Q

pos line used for PA Axial Mandible?

A

OML perp to IR

40
Q

CR angle for PA Mandible?

A

CR perp to exit junction of lips

41
Q

CR angle for PA Axial Mandible?

A

CR 20-25º cephalic, exit acanthion

42
Q

what is shown on a PA Mandible?

A

mandibular rami and lat. portion of body

43
Q

what is shown on a PA Axial Mandible?

A

TMJ area & condyle heads visible through mastoid process

44
Q

what should you do on a PA Axial Mandible, for a true PA XR of the BODY of the mandible?

A

raise chin so AML is perp to IR

45
Q

what change should be made to PA Mandible for trauma pt?

A

do w pt supine

46
Q

What is the CR angle for AP Axial Towne Mandible when the OML is perp to IR?

A

CR 35º caudad to glabella

47
Q

What is the CR angle for AP Axial Towne Mandible when the IOML is perp to IR?

A

CR 42º caudad to glabella

48
Q

what is shown for AP Axial Towne Mandible?

A

bilat view of condyloid processes of mandible and TM fossae

49
Q

what is the diff btw OML and IOML?

50
Q

(Axiolat Obl Mandible) pt erect, (from lat) head is rotated 30º toward IR to demonstrate what?

A

body of mandible

51
Q

(Axiolat Obl Mandible); (from lat) head is rotated 45º toward IR to demonstrate what?

A

mentum of mandible

52
Q

(Axiolat Obl Mandible) pt semi-supine, (from lat) head is rotated 10-15º toward IR to demonstrate what?

A

general survey of mandible

53
Q

what are the 3 variations of CR angles that can be done for the Axiolat Obl Mandible?

A
  1. CR 25º cephalic from IPL,
  2. combo head tilt & CR angle to not exceed 25º (i.e. 15º tilt, 10º CR),
  3. 25º head tilt toward CR w perp beam

all to exit mandibular region

54
Q

what indicates sufficient neck extension in the axiolat obl mandible XR?

A

no superimposition of C-spine by ramus

55
Q

what indicates correct CR angle for axiolat obl mandible?

A

no superimposition of opp. mandible

56
Q

what indicates correct head rotation for axiolat obl mandible?

A

ramus/body of mandible NOT foreshortened

57
Q

pt pos for lat facial XR

A

IPL perp to IR; IOML perp to front IR

58
Q

CR for lat facial bones?

A

CR perp to zygoma (midway btw outer canthus and EAM)

59
Q

what indicates rotation in lat facial XR?

A

ant./post. separation of vertical bilat structures (mandibular rami, great sphenoid wings)

60
Q

what indicates tilt in lat facial XR?

A

sup./inf. separation of horiz. structures (orbital roofs, greater sphenoid wings)

61
Q

what is against the bucky for Parietoacanthial: Waters - Facial?

62
Q

what pos line is perp to IR for Waters: Facial?

63
Q

OML is at what degree to IR for Waters: Facial XRs?

64
Q

CR angle for Waters: Facial?

A

CR perp, exits acanthion

65
Q

clinical indications for Waters: Facial?

A

tripod fracture, Le Fort fractures, foreign bodies in the eye

66
Q

what is demonstrated in the Waters: Facial XR?

A

IOMs, maxillae, nasal septum, zygomatic bones/arches, ant. nasal spine

67
Q

what indicates no rotation for Waters: Facial XR?

A

equal distance from midlat. orbital margin to lat cranial cortex on ea. side

68
Q

What pos line should be perp to IR for PA Axial Caldwell - Facial?

69
Q

what is touching the bucky for PA Axial Caldwell XR’s for facial bones?

A

nose & forehead

70
Q

What is the CR for PA Axial Caldwell for facial bones?

A

CR 15º caudad, exit nasion

71
Q

what does the PA Axial Caldwell for facial bones show?

A

orbital rim, maxillae. nasal septum, zygomatic bones, ant. nasal spine

72
Q

where are the petrous ridges on a PA Axial Caldwell for facial bones, using a 15º caudad angle?

A

petrous ridges in lower 1/3rd of orbits

73
Q

where are the petrous ridges on a PA Axial Caldwell for facial bones, when using a 30º caudad angle?

A

petrous ridges below IOM (shows orbital floors)

74
Q

what touches the bucky on a modified waters for facial bones?

A

chin & nose

75
Q

what pos line is perp to IR for modified waters for facial bones?

76
Q

the OML is at what degree to the IR on a modified waters for facial bones?

77
Q

CR for modified waters for facial bones?

A

CR perp, exit acanthion

78
Q

clinical indication for modified waters for facial?

A

orbital fractures (blowout), foreign bodies in the eye

79
Q

what do you see on a modified waters for facial bones?

A

orbital floors are perp to IR (less distorted)

80
Q

where are the petrous ridges for a modified waters for facial?

A

lower 1/2 of maxillary sinuses, below IOMs

81
Q

what pos line is parallel to IR for SMV of zygomatic arches?

82
Q

the CR should be perp to what for an SMV of zygomatic arches?

83
Q

CR for SMV of zygomatic arches?

A

CR perp to midway btw zygomatic arches, 1.5” inf. to mandibular symphysis

84
Q

what is seen on the SMV of zygomatic arches?

A

zygomatic arches shown laterally from ea. mandibular ramus

85
Q

what pos line is used for the obl inferosuperior (tangential) zygomatic arches?

A

IOML (should start parallel to IR)

86
Q

pt pos for obl inferosuperior (tangential) zygomatic arches?

A

(starting w IOML II to IR) rotate head 15º toward affected side, and tilt chin 15º toward affected side

87
Q

CR for obl inferosuperior (tangential) zygomatic arches?

A

CR perp to affected zygomatic arch

88
Q

what do you see on an obl inferosuperior (tangential) zygomatic arches?

A

single zygomatic arch free of superimposition of parietal bone or mandible

89
Q

what XR is especially useful for depressed zygomatic arches caused by trauma?

A

obl inferosuperior (tangential) zygomatic arches

90
Q

what is the CR for the AP Axial Modified Towne for Zygomatic arches, when OML is perp to IR?

A

CR 30º caudad to 1” sup. to glabella

91
Q

what is the CR for the AP Axial Modified Towne for Zygomatic arches, when IOML is perp to IR?

A

CR 37º caudad to 1” sup. to glabella

92
Q

what is seen on the AP Axial Modified Towne for Zygomatic arches?

A

bilat zygomatic arches, no superimposition (symmetrical appearance of arches), w visible mastoid air cells

RTE 1513 (15 decks)

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