Test

Question 1

name the pores through which most water vapour is lost from a leaf?

Answer 1

stomata

Question 2

describe how the guard cells surrounding the leaf pores are adapted to their role?

Answer 2

the cell wall of a guard cell is thicker on one side so the cell doesnt change shape symmetrically as its volume changes.

they can shape and the stoma closes to prevent further water loss from the plant

Question 3

when water is lost from the cells of the leaf it reduces the ?

Answer 3

water potential

Question 4

water can be lost in a plant from ?

Answer 4

it’s epidermis layer

Question 5

water enters cells by?

Answer 5

osmosis

Question 6

osmosis occurs across the plasma membrane which is ?

Answer 6

partially permeable

Question 7

if all the water lost from the leaf cells is not replaced, they lose what and wilt?

Answer 7

they lose turgidity

Question 8

cell division In animals and plants?

Answer 8

cytokinesis

Question 9

cell division in yeast?

Answer 9

budding

Question 10

cell division on bacteria?

Answer 10

binary fission

Question 11

out of animals , plants, yeast and bacterium, which have a nucleus?

Answer 11

animal, plant

Question 12

material in cell wall?(animal, plant, yeast, bacterium)

Answer 12

animal = none
plant = cellulose
yeast = chitin
bacterium = peptidoglycon

Question 13

presence of ribosomes in cells(animal, plant , yeast , bacterium)?

Answer 13

all contain ribosomes

Question 14

name the type of tissue that undergoes cell division to form these undifferentiated plant cells?

Answer 14

meristem

Question 15

what is not found in mature xylem vessels?

Answer 15

nucleus

cytoplasm

Question 16

describe how the structure of the cell walls in xylem vessels would differ from the cell walls found at the tips of roots and shoots

Answer 16

thicker

lignified(rigid)

Question 17

name two types of cells that can be found in phloem tissue?

Answer 17

sieve tube element

companion cell

Question 18

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the left atrium?

Answer 18

more muscle on the left side to create more force.

has to create a higher pressure

left ventricle pumps blood further/ to the whole body

Question 19

How pressure changes in the heart brings the closure of the atrioventricular valve?

Answer 19

ventricular systole muscle contracts,
raises ventricular pressure,
ventricular pressure is higher than atrial pressure,
pressure generated by ventricular contraction closes the valve

Question 20

what maintains pressure in the mammalian circulatory system?

Answer 20

aorta

Question 21

What is the transport medium in the mammalian circulatory system?

Answer 21

blood/plasma

Question 22

Two types of epithelial tissue found in the lungs and airways?

Answer 22

ciliated

squamous

Question 23

how the alveoli create a surface for efficient gaseous exchange?

Answer 23

wall is one cell thick for shorter diffusion distance.
squamous cells provide short diffusion distance.
maintain concentration gradient.
large number of alveoli to provide a larger surface area.
small size of alveoli provide larger surface area to volume ratio.

Question 24

Suggest and explain what effect supraventricular tachycardia might have on blood flow from the heart?

Answer 24

less blood leaves the heart for each ventricular contraction,
ventricles do not have time to fill before contracting.

Question 25

table 5.2

Answer 25

d, c , e , a, b

Question 26

blood circulatory system of a mammal undergoes changes at or soon after birth, suggest why the foramen ovale is open in the fetus before birth?

Answer 26

lungs not, functioning/filled with air , blood/ haemglobin is, not oxygenated in the lungs/ oxygenated in placenta

Question 27

fetal haemoglobin q

Answer 27

difference = fetal haemoglobin - higher affinity for oxygen reason = must bind to oxygen, in lower partial pressure in placenta

Question 28

calculate breathing rate and rate of oxygen consumption

Answer 28

13, 3.6 - 3.1 =0.5