Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the typical carbohydrate formula?
Cx(H20)y
Glucose is C6 H12 O6
What are Carbohydrates made up of?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What branches off carbohydrates in the classification tree?
Sugar and polysaccharides.
What branches of sugar in the classification tree?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
What branches off polysaccharides in the tree?
starches and fivers and glycogen
What branches off monosaccharides ?
Glucose , fructose , galactose
What branches off disaccharides?
maltose , lactose and sucrose
What’s a monosaccharide?Examples?
a single sugar unit is known as a monosaccharide.
When two monosaccharides join together they become a disaccharide.
Examples include glucose, fructose and ribose.
What’s a disaccharide?Examples ?
Two monosaccharides joined together.
Lactose and sucrose.
What is a polysaccharide?Examples?
two nor more monosaccharides are linked to form a polymer called polysaccharides.
Examples: glycogen, cellulose and starch.
What is glucose?
important large carbohydrates are glucose molecules.
Its a monosaccharide - C6 H12 O6
A hexose monosaccharide .
What can alpha glucose molecules do?
can be joined NY glycosidic bonds to form two slightly different polysaccharides known collectively as starch.
What is starch, what is it for?
many alpha glucose molecules join by glycosidic bonds.
Used in plants to store chemical energy.
What is amylose?
amylose if formed by alpha molecules joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds.
The angle if the bond means the long chain glucose twists to form a helix which is further stabilised by hydrogen bonding within the molecules.
Polysaccharides become more compact and much less soluble.
Amylopectin?What is it?
there are some glycosidic bonds formed by condensation reaction between carbon 1 and 6.
Amylopectin has a branched structure , with the 1-6 branching points occuring once every 25 glucose subunits.
